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genmidi.txt
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1994-03-07
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General MIDI Specification -- Standard Patch and Key Assignments
Microsoft has been pushing the MIDI Manufacturers Association
(MMA) General MIDI Mode specification of standard patch and key
assignments as part of the Multimedia Windows standard for
device-independent MIDI. Although not all synthesizers will
offer equivalent sounds to those below (in particular, certain
high-end devices may offer different functionality, e.g.
Proteus/2), the Microsoft MIDI Mapper utility included with
Windows 3.1 can be used to configure most synthesizers to respond
to the program numbers and key assignments that follow.
Additionally, SoundBlaster- and AdLib-compatible sound cards
include onboard MIDI devices that match these particular patch
and key assignments, if not always with spectacular sounds.
If you own high-end MIDI synthesis hardware, it may not be to your
advantage to try to set up equivalent patch and key assignments
via the MIDI Mapper; in fact, it may not be possible! However,
the following information will be helpful to most users.
==================================================================
Patch Assignments: program number followed by expected instrument
Piano:
0 Acoustic Grand Piano
1 Bright Acoustic Piano
2 Electric Grand Piano
3 Honky-tonk Piano
4 Rhodes Piano
5 Chorused Piano
6 Harpsichord
7 Clavinet
Chromatic Percussion
8 Celesta
9 Glockenspiel
10 Music Box
11 Vibraphone
12 Marimba
13 Xylophone
14 Tubular Bells
15 Dulcimer
Organ
16 Hammond Organ
17 Percussive Organ
18 Rock Organ
19 Church Organ
20 Reed Organ
21 Accordion
22 Harmonica
23 Tango Accordion
Guitar
24 Acoustic Guitar (nylon)
25 Acoustic Guitar (steel)
26 Electric Guitar (jazz)
27 Electric Guitar (clean)
28 Electric Guitar (muted)
29 Overdriven Guitar
30 Distortion Guitar
31 Guitar Harmonics
Bass
32 Acoustic Bass
33 Electric Bass (finger)
34 Electric Bass (pick)
35 Fretless Bass
36 Slap Bass 1
37 Slap Bass 2
38 Synth Bass 1
39 Synth Bass 2
Strings
40 Violin
41 Viola
42 Cello
43 Contrabass
44 Tremolo Strings
45 Pizzicato Strings
46 Orchestral Harp
47 Timpani
Ensemble
48 String Ensemble 1
49 String Ensemble 2
50 SynthStrings 1
51 SynthStrings 2
52 Choir Aahs
53 Voice Oohs
54 Synth Voice
55 Orchestra Hit
Brass
56 Trumpet
57 Trombone
58 Tuba
59 Muted Trumpet
60 French Horn
61 Brass Section
62 Synth Brass 1
63 Synth Brass 2
Reed
64 Soprano Sax
65 Alto Sax
66 Tenor Sax
67 Baritone Sax
68 Oboe
69 English Horn
70 Bassoon
71 Clarinet
Pipe
72 Piccolo
73 Flute
74 Recorder
75 Pan Flute
76 Bottle Blow
77 Shakuhachi
78 Whistle
79 Ocarina
Synth Lead
80 Lead 1 (square)
81 Lead 2 (sawtooth)
82 Lead 3 (calliope lead)
83 Lead 4 (chiff lead)
84 Lead 5 (charang)
85 Lead 6 (voice)
86 Lead 7 (fifths)
87 Lead 8 (bass + lead)
Synth Pad
88 Pad 1 (new age)
89 Pad 2 (warm)
90 Pad 3 (polysynth)
91 Pad 4 (choir)
92 Pad 5 (bowed)
93 Pad 6 (metallic)
94 Pad 7 (halo)
95 Pad 8 (sweep)
Synth Effects
96 FX 1 (rain)
97 FX 2 (soundtrack)
98 FX 3 (crystal)
99 FX 4 (atmosphere)
100 FX 5 (brightness)
101 FX 6 (goblins)
102 FX 7 (echoes)
103 FX 8 (sci-fi)
Ethnic
104 Sitar
105 Banjo
106 Shamisen
107 Koto
108 Kalimba
109 Bagpipe
110 Fiddle
111 Shanai
Percussive
112 Tinkle Bell
113 Agogo
114 Steel Drums
115 Woodblock
116 Taiko Drum
117 Melodic Tom
118 Synth Drum
119 Reverse Cymbal
Sound Effects
120 Guitar Fret Noise
121 Breath Noise
122 Seashore
123 Bird Tweet
124 Telephone Ring
125 Helicopter
126 Applause
127 Gunshot
==================================================================
Key Assignments: key number followed by expected instrument
35 (B1) Acoustic Bass Drum
36 (C2) Bass Drum 1
37 (C#2) Side Stick
38 (D2) Acoustic Snare
39 (D#2) Hand Clap
40 (E2) Electric Snare
41 (F2) Low Floor Tom
42 (F#2) Closed High Hat
43 (G2) High Floor Tom
44 (G#2) Pedal High Hat
45 (A2) Low Tom
46 (A#2) Open High Hat
47 (B2) Low-Mid Tom
48 (C3) High-Mid Tom
49 (C#3) Crash Cymbal 1
50 (D3) High Tom
51 (D#3) Ride Cymbal 1
52 (E3) Chinese Cymbal
53 (F3) Ride Bell
54 (F#3) Tambourine
55 (G3) Splash Cymbal
56 (G#3) Cowbell
57 (A3) Crash Cymbal 2
58 (A#3) Vibraslap
59 (B3) Ride Cymbal 2
60 (C4 -- middle C) High Bongo
61 (C#4) Low Bongo
62 (D4) Mute High Conga
63 (D#4) Open High Conga
64 (E4) Low Conga
65 (F4) High Timbale
66 (F#4) Low Timbale
67 (G4) High Agogo
68 (G#4) Low Agogo
69 (A4) Cabasa
70 (A#4) Maracas
71 (B4) Short Whistle
72 (C5) Long Whistle
73 (C#5) Short Guiro
74 (D5) Long Guiro
75 (D#5) Claves
76 (E5) High Wood Block
77 (F5) Low Wood Block
78 (F#5) Mute Cuica
79 (G5) Open Cuica
80 (G#5) Mute Triangle
81 (A5) Open Triangle
NB. Key assignments apply only to the MIDI channel used for drums
and percussion. On many MIDI devices, drum patches of this
type are only available on a single MIDI channel, usually either
channel 10 or channel 16. Many MIDI devices of this type support
more than one drum patch, in which case the above key assignment
map is accessed by sending MIDI program 0 to the channel used for
drums.