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Introduction to Computer Music
What is a MOD-file?
For a description of WAV or MIDI files, click here.
What I refer to as a MOD-file includes many file types with extensions
such as MOD, XM, S3M, MTM, as well as many others. I refer to all
these various formats as a MOD-file because the MOD format was the
original, and all the other formats are pretty much the same
concept, but have various enhancements and improvements. MOD-files
follow the basic formula:
Real Recordings of Instruments + Information on How to Play the
Instruments = Great Music
The instruments in a MOD are actual recordings in .WAV format embedded
into the file itself. The sheet music is a set of
commands which tell the computer such information as when to play a
note, at what pitch, volume, panning, effect,...and the list goes
on. This concept is similar to a MIDI file, but MIDI does not
contain its own samples. Thus, a MOD-file can be thought of as a
combination of a WAV and MIDI file. The advantage is that they
are much smaller than WAV files for their playing time, and sound
much better than MIDI because the composer can use instruments which
are more suited to the style of each individual song.
How do I play a MOD-file?
There are many MOD-players available, but Cubic Player is the best DOS
player. I hear it will also work under Windows 3.1 / 95 and OS/2. If
you want a Windows-specific MOD player, try MOD4WIN, which can be
found at the MAZ Sound Tools Page. Be forewarned, however, that this
particular player will stop working after 30 days if you don't pay
for it.
How do I set up Cubic Player to play a MOD?
First of all, download all the files you need to run Cubic, create a new
directory, and un-zip all the files into this directory. At the
DOS-prompt, start Cubic by typing cp If you get an error
message saying that DOS4GW couldn't be loaded, make sure that this
file is in your directory also. Cubic should start fine even if you
don't edit your CP.INI file, but it will be a little slower loading.
After starting Cubic, you will find yourself in the fileselector.
Use the arrow keys to change directories and select the files you
wish to play. To play the highlighted file immediately, press Enter.
How do I get the best playback quality in Cubic Player?
If you have a wavetable card: (GUS or AWE)
If you have a wavetable card, there is generally very little you can do
to increase your sound quality. However, you may wish to take note
of the following points:
1) Cubic will use your wavetable memory to load the instruments. If you
don't have enough memory to load the samples, Cubic will decrease
the quality of the samples until they fit. This is called
sample crunching or memory multiplying. To
see what samples are crunched, go into instruments mode and press
i until you see a list of the names of the instruments
with sample information next to each name. Find the column which
says bit This is the bit depth of the sample. A fraction
or exclamation point next to it indicates that the sample is
crunched. A crunched sample doesn't sound nearly as good as the
original. If you have many crunched samples, you may wish to play
the sample back using the software mixer instead of using the
wavetable part of your card (if you have a GUS, download the Player
Device on the previous page.) See below for optimizing the software
mixer.
2) In the fileselector, press Alt-b to tag a file for playing with a
different device (software mixer)
3) The AWE supports only 16-bit samples. Therefore, Cubic converts all
8-bit samples up to 16 bits when it copys the instruments into your
AWE's RAM. This means that the samples take up twice as much memory
as it seems they should. In other words, a 300k MOD which uses only
8-bit samples may not fit into 512k memory without crunching,
becuase it will take up 600k of memory when the samples are
converted to 16-bit.
4) If you have an AWE, press Alt-F4 to toggle the view from panning /
balance to reverb / chorus. Use Ctrl-F5 and Ctrl-F6 to increase /
decrease reverb, and Ctrl-F7 and Ctrl-F8 to increase / decrease
chorus.
5) If you have a GUS, edit your CP.INI file to change your number of
MIDI output channels. More means more simultaneous notes, less means
a higher sample rate. You will have to experiment until you reach
the best value for your tastes.
6) The high-quality mixer actually sounds better than the hardware
mixing of the GUS or AWE, but it requires a lot of CPU time (and you
don't get the AWE's reverb or chorus.) If you have a fast enough CPU
(Pentium-120 or faster), you may wish to use the mixer instead. Now
works with GUS also.
If you don't have a wavetable card: (or don't know)
Optimizing Cubic's software mixer for a particular computer can be a bit
tricky. You want to get the best sound quality for each individual
file, but you may not have enough CPU power to play the more intense
MOD's at the highest quality. Try each of the following for your
MOD's; if you don't have enough CPU power, go to the next one down
on the list. I hear that a Pentium-120 can handle #1 at 32 channels.
My Pentium-60 can handle #1 at 13 channels, #2 at 16 channel, and #3
at 32 channels.
1) High quality mixer, FOI, surround
2) High quality mixer, AOI, surround
3) Low quality mixer, FOI, surround
4) Low quality mixer, AOI, surround
5) Low quality mixer, AOI
6) Low quality mixer, FFI
7) Low quality mixer, digital filter (1/4, 1/2,...)
8) Low quality mixer, 8-bit, mono, lower sampling rate
To select the high or low quality mixer: press f to go into
the fileselector. Scroll down until you get to drive @:
Select this drive and go into the directory devices.
Select the high-quality or low-quality mixer by highlighting them
and pressing Enter. (You can also add them to your playlist)
To select / deselect surround sound, press F4. At the top of the screen,
o means disabled, x means enabled.
To select FOI or AOI, press Backspace.
To select FFI, press Alt-Backspace
To select a digital filter, press Ctrl-Bakcspace
To use 8-bit output or decrease your sample rate, edit your
CP.INI
What specific changes should I make to CP.INI?
Be sure to make a backup of the original before proceeding.
1) If you want MIDI playback, under [general], change the
guspatchpath to the directory where the UltraSound
patches are located.
2) (optional) If your pictures or animations won't load, under [general]
change your datapath= to be the directory where your
animation and picture files are located.
3) Under [sound], find the line which says playerdevices=
and delete the devices which you don't have.
1) If you have a SoundBlaster, delete devpWSS and devpPAS
2) If you have an Ultrasound, delete devpSB, devpWSS, and devpPAS
3) If you have a Windows Sound System card, delete devpSB and devpPAS
4) If you have a ProAudio Spectrum, delete devpSB and devpWSS
5) Don't delete devpNone or devpDisk
4) Under [sound], find the line which says samplerdevices=
and delete the devices which you don't have.
1) If you have a SoundBlaster, delete devsGUS and devsWSS
2) If you have an Ultrasound, delete devsSB and devsWSS
3) If you have a Windows Sound System card, delete devsSB and devsPAS
4) If you have a ProAudio Spectrum, delete devsSB and devsWSS
5) Don't delete devsNone
5) Under [sound], find the line which says wavetabledevices=
and delete the devices which you don't have.
1) If you have an AWE, delete devwGUS
2) If you have an Ultrasound, delete devwAWE
3) If you have a Windows Sound System or ProAudio Spectrum, delete
devwGUS and devwAWE
5) Don't delete devwMix or devwMixQ
6) Under [sound], change the rate32=48000 to rate32=44100
I don't know why the default is this value, most cards can't handle it.
7) Under [sound], change midichan=24 to fit your
preferences. If you don't have a GUS, I recommend
midichan=32
8) Under [sound], you can change bigmodules=devwMix to
bigmodules=devwMixQ if you have a fast CPU. This is the
wavetable device which will be used to play modules marked with
Alt-b in the fileselector. If you don't have a wavetable card, try
keeping the default value and using devwMixQ as your default mixer.
You can then tag modules with too many channels in the fileselector
to play with devwMix. (by the way, devwMix is the regular mixer and
devwMixQ is the high-quality mixer)
9) If you prefer, change surround=off to surround=on
10) If you prefer, change filter=6 to filter=7
11) Under [fileselector], change the playonce, randomplay, and loop
parameters if you so desire. These can also be configured in the
fileselector itself by pressing Alt-c. playonce=on will remove
modules from the playlist after playing, randomplay=off will play
modules in the order they were added to the playlist, and loop=off
will play each module only once before going to the next module.
12) Under [fileselector], change path=. to the path that
your MOD files are located. This will start the fileselector in the
directory you specified. (Potential to save lots of time here...)
13) If you wish, you may also delete the configuration sections for
those devices which you deleted in steps 3-5.
How do I play MIDI files in Cubic?
First of all, Cubic's MIDI playback uses the Gravis UltraSound patches
to play the MIDI files. If you have an UltraSound, this is nothing
special; but if you don't have one, then this is pretty important.
For one thing, most soundcards use some form of an FM synthesizer to
play MIDI files, which sounds pretty horrible. Cubic treats the MIDI
file as it would a MOD file, but it uses the UltraSound patches as
instruments because a MIDI file doesn't contain waveforms which
can be treated as instruments. This sounds much more realistic
because the instruments actually sound real. The first thing you
must do is to obtain the UltraSound patches and follow the
instructions on the previous page for installation. Put all of the
.pat files along with default.cfg into a separate directory, and
follow step #1 (above) to modify your CP.IN file. Then you can
start Cubic in the usual way, select a MIDI file, and start jamming!