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- PGP 2.6 Application Note: Integrating PGP with mailers
- Derek Atkins <warlord@MIT.EDU>
- 22-May-94
-
- This document will try to describe how to create an
- application around PGP version 2.6, in order to incorporate PGP into
- mailers and news readers. There are a number of changes in 2.6 which
- make it easier to write wrappers for PGP. In writing this, I may have
- inadvertantly left out some functionality, some mailers, or some
- machine types. I should warn readers now that I am a UNIX person, and
- that most of this document will probably be in UNIX terms.
-
- The first thing to remember is that PGP usually needs to have
- a controlling TTY in order to gather information, like the password,
- or for the user to answer questions, like to whether to add or sign
- keys. This is useful for text-based mail agents. In fact, it is most
- useful for agents which use files for messages, like MH.
-
- One way to use PGP is to just decrypt the message into a file
- and display that file. This can be a security risk, since wiping
- files off disk is not always successful, and by having the plain-text
- go to a file means more time for a possible attacker to get ahold of
- the plain-text of the message.
-
- A better way to accomplish this is to use filter_mode, which
- is the -f option. This tells PGP to read the message from stdin, and
- to put the output onto stdout. Unfortunately, in this manner, the
- signature information is output onto stderr, so you will either lose
- it, or it and all other PGP output will be put in the same stream with
- the message, but this depends on your piping ability.
-
- PGP tries to send all "interesting" data to standard out, and
- error messages to standard error. This lets you pick out the
- interesting information and discard the rest. This also means that
- you can use PGP in filter-mode as a back-end to some user interface,
- and obtain the data in the manner. But remember that the current
- implementation of PGP uses temporary files to store intermediate data,
- so you are still at a risk, although it is much less of a risk than
- just decrypting into a file.
-
- This works well when dealing with a command-line mailer, or a
- mailer that is run in a terminal. There are problems with this
- approach, however, if you do not have a TTY in which to get a password
- to decrypt or sign messages. It seems that there would not be a good
- way around this, but then again, PEM is going to have this same
- problem. (An example that I can think of is integrating with xmh).
-
- However, there is a way around this in some cases. PGP has
- numerous ways to accept the passphrase other than just promping for
- it. One way, which is not recommended, is to use the "-z" option to
- set the passphrase. Again, this is *NOT* recommended, since some
- operating systems will not allow the program to erase the process
- table, and someone can retreive the pass phrase from there via a "ps"
- listing of active processes. A similar way to get the pass phrase in
- is to use the PGPPASS environment variable. Again, this has the same
- problems as "-z" with regards to an attacker finding the passphrase in
- the OS kernel memory of the process table.. An example of this usage
- is:
-
- pgp -sat -z "This is my pass phrase" inputfile
-
- There is a better way of doing this in PGP 2.6, which is an
- environment variable called "PGPPASSFD". If this is set, it means
- that the FIRST thing PGP will do is read the pass phrase from this
- file descriptor. So, for example, one can set PGPPASSFD to "0"
- (zero), and then PGP will read the pass phrase from stdin as the first
- thing. This allows you to send the passphrase to PGP in a manner
- invisible to someone armed with the process listing.
-
- For example, an emacs utility could grab the block to be
- encrypted (or decrypted), ask the user for the pass phrase in the
- mini-buffer, and then do the equivalent of this shell script, using
- something like:
-
- (send-string PROCESS "PassPhrase")
- (send-region PROCESS (point-min) (point-max))
-
- ---begin---
- #!/bin/sh
-
- PGPPASSFD=0; export PGPPASSFD
-
- (echo "PassPhraseHere"; cat filename ) | pgp -feast recipient1 recipient2...
- ---end---
-
- I must admit, this is a crude script, since it doesn't strip
- out stderr, which included the bannerlines and error messages, but
- that is not difficult to do out of band.
-
- This is an example perl script that demonstrates the use of PGPPASSFD:
-
- ---begin---
- #!/usr/local/bin/perl
- #
- # perl example for PGPPASSFD,
- # encrypts stream with password 'test'
- #
-
- pipe(READER,WRITER);
-
- if (!fork) {
- close(WRITER);
- $ENV{'PGPPASSFD'}=fileno(READER);
- # the $^F (Ctrl-F) variable controls close-on-exec of files
- $=fileno(READER);
- exec "pgp -acf";
- die "can't exec pgp\n";
- }
- close(READER);
- syswrite(WRITER, "test\n", 5);
- close(WRITER);
- wait
- ---end---
-
- Another feature of 2.6 which can be utilized in mailer scripts
- is the batchmode feature. This is used in the key-server software
- (see keyserv.doc), to allow a process to call PGP and have it perform
- without prompting the user for anything. It will take the default
- answer to most questions, which may not be what the user wants. This
- is switched by adding "+batchmode" to the command line.
-
- One more mailer I should mention, and this is probably the
- most important of all of them, is MIME compatibility. In order to use
- MIME, a user needs to create a proper entry for PGP. Unfortunately
- there is not yet a standard MIME content-type for PGP-MIME. However
- there is a recommended set of mailcap entries which would be useful
- for using metamail:
-
- application/pgp; pgp -f < %s | metamail; needsterminal; \
- test=test %{encapsulation}=entity
- application/pgp; pgp %s; needsterminal
-
- I hope that this document has helped people understand some of
- the work being done to integrate PGP with mailers. There is some work
- going on already to integrate it even more. If you have a mailer for
- which there is no PGP handler, and you want to write one, please let
- me know, so that we don't duplicate work. In addition, if you have
- written a mailer application, and its not included here in the
- release, again let me know.
-
- A second contact for this is Colin Plumb <colin@nyx.cs.du.edu>.
-
- Have fun!
-
- -derek <warlord@MIT.EDU>
-