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ENGLAND1
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
THE NOVEL IN ENGLAND
Dates of Publication of Some Important Fictional Works
and
Dates of Importance in History, Invention and Literature
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1700-1799
1702 THE DAILY COURANT, the first daily newspaper appears in
England.
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1702-1714 Queen Anne rules in England.
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1714-1727 George I rules England. He is the first in the
Hanoverian line which extends through Queen Victoria.
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1710 First complete performance of an Italian opera in
England. The work performed was ALMAHIDE.
1712 Invention of the steam piston engine by Thomas Newcomen
and John Calley.
1719 ROBINSON CRUSOE by Daniel Defoe. Like several of Defoe's
works, an important precursor to the English novel
1722 JOURNAL OF THE PLAGUE YEAR and MOLL FLANDERS by Daniel
Defoe.
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1727-1760 George II on the throne of England.
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1730 John and Charles Wesley create Methodism.
1732 Michael Menzies invents the threshing machine.
1740 The War of Austrian Succession. Prussia annexes Silesia.
Samuel Richardson publishes PAMELA, OR VIRTUE REWARDED,
generally considered the first English novel. It was an
epistolary novel.
1742 Henry Fielding issues JOSEPH ANDREWS. Sometimes called
an anti-novel, this work is a reaction to the sentimentality
of Richardson's PAMELA. Joseph is the brother of Pamela,
but he is not of such a sterling character as Richardson
depicted his heroine. He is a picaro.
1748 CLARISSA HARLOWE by Samuel Richardson
RODERICK RANDOM from Tobias Smollet
Invention of the sea quadrant.
1749 Henry Fielding's masterpiece TOM JONES appears. It is
both a picaresque tale and a tale embodying convincing realism.
1752 The Gregorian calendar adopted.
1756 The Seven Years War begins.
1757 John Campbell produces the sextant.
1758 Invention of the refracting telescope and of achromatic lenses for
eyeglasses by John Dolland.
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1760 -1820 King George III presides over England.
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1760 The British conquer New France. Quebec was taken in 1759 and
Montreal in 1760.
1760-1767 Laurence Sterne produces one of the most remarkable of early
novels TRISTRAM SHANDY.
1762 Reputed invention of the sandwich by the fourth Earl of Sandwich.
1764 Hugh Walpole publishes THE CASTLE OF OTRANTO, the first
gothic novel, introducing the most important conventions of the
type.
James Hargreaves constructs the spinning jenny.
1766 Oliver Goldsmith produces a sentimental masterpiece THE
VICAR OF WAKEFIELD.
1775-1783 War with the American colonies.
1777 First use of the boat made of iron in Yorkshire, England.
1778 Frances Burney's EVELINA published, an important early novel of
manners.
James Watt invents a copying machine.
1783 Two Frenchmen, Joseph-Michel and Jacques-Etienne Montfolfier
produce the first hot-air balloon.
1784 Benjamin Franklin makes bifocal lenses for eye glasses.
Laumoy in France produces a model of a helicopter.
1787 Cartwright produces a power loom.
1788 American Constitution ratified by eleven states.
1789 The French Revolution begins.
1790 The first U. S. patent of a cotton spinning and weaving machine.
Thomas Saint produces the first sewing machine.
1793 Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin.
England at war with France.
1796 Edward Jenner discovers a smallpox vaccine.
1797 Andre Jacques Garnerin makes the parachute.
1799 Napoleon becomes the first Consul General of France.