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- Explanation of GNP/GDP Methodology
-
- Gross domestic product (GDP): The value of all goods and services
- produced domestically.
-
- Gross national product (GNP): The value of all goods and services
- produced domestically plus income earned abroad, minus income
- earned by foreigners from domestic production.
-
- GNP/GDP methodology: In the ``Economy'' section, GNP/GDP dollar
- estimates for the OECD countries, the former Soviet republics,
- and the East European countries are derived from purchasing power
- parity (PPP) calculations rather than from conversions at
- official currency exchange rates. The PPP method normally
- involves the use of international dollar price weights, which are
- applied to the quantities of goods and services produced in a
- given economy. In addition to the lack of reliable data from the
- majority of countries, the statistician faces a major difficulty
- in specifying, identifying, and allowing for the quality of goods
- and services. The division of a PPP GNP/GDP estimate in dollars
- by the corresponding estimate in the local currency gives the PPP
- conversion rate. One thousand dollars will buy the same market
- basket of goods in the US as one thousand dollars - converted to
- the local currency at the PPP conversion rate - will buy in the
- other country. GNP/GDP estimates for the LDCs, on the other hand,
- are based on the conversion of GNP/GDP estimates in local
- currencies to dollars at the official currency exchange rates.
- One caution: the proportion of, say, defense expenditures as a
- percent of GNP/GDP in local currency accounts may differ
- substantially from the proportion when GNP/GDP accounts are
- expressed in PPP terms, as, for example, when an observer
- estimates the dollar level of Russian or Japanese military
- expenditures; similar problems exist when components are
- expressed in dollars under currency exchange rate procedures.
- Finally, as academic research moves forward on the PPP method, we
- hope to convert all GNP/GDP estimates to this method in future
- editions of The World Factbook.
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