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TIME: Almanac 1990s
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<text id=92TT0158>
<title>
Jan. 20, 1992: Ms. Kidvid Calls It Quits
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
Jan. 20, 1992 Why Are Men and Women Different?
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
TELEVISION, Page 52
Ms. Kidvid Calls It Quits
</hdr><body>
<p>Activist Peggy Charren disbands her group, saying its job is
done. But is children's TV really any better?
</p>
<p>By Richard Zoglin--Reported by William Tynan/New York
</p>
<p> Few people in any field have demonstrated the power of a
single impassioned voice as well as Peggy Charren. As head of
Action for Children's Television, the activist group she founded
23 years ago in the living room of her suburban Boston home,
Charren has been a tireless fighter for better children's TV.
Because of her efforts, commercials aimed at kids are less
manipulative than they once were; the hosts of children's shows,
for example, can no longer hawk products to gullible young
viewers. Even when she failed to bring about change, her
constant, nagging presence--and a knack for the pithy quote--kept network programmers mindful that their responsibility
to children went beyond simply making a buck from them.
</p>
<p> Last week Charren announced that ACT would disband at the
end of the year. Her reason: the passage of the 1990 Children's
Television Act, which sets advertising limits on children's
programming and requires TV stations to air at least some fare
that serves the educational needs of kids. "For more than 20
years, ACT has tried to get the public-interest laws that
govern broadcasting to apply to children," said Charren. "With
the passage of the 1990 Children's Television Act, this goal
has been achieved. People who want better TV for kids now have
Congress on their side."
</p>
<p> Other organizations will carry on the kidvid cause, and
Charren herself will not disappear. But the demise of ACT leaves
a void and raises a question: For all Charren's efforts, has
children's TV got any better? In some ways, as Charren readily
admits, it is worse. In the 1970s, partly because of Charren's
lobbying, the networks added a host of informational shows for
children, from ABC's Afterschool Specials to CBS's newsmagazine
for kids, 30 Minutes. During the Reagan years, however,
government regulation eased, and most of those shows were
canceled or scaled back. Though PBS and cable have added greatly
to the diversity of programming for children, network and
syndicated fare, which still accounts for the bulk of kids' TV
viewing, is largely a ghetto of interchangeable cartoons.
</p>
<p> Nor has the commercialization of children's TV abated. In
the late '70s, ACT was one of the groups that pressed for an
FTC inquiry into whether commercials directed at kids ought to
be banned or restricted. But after extensive hearings, the FTC
took no action, and commercials are still an inextricable part
of the economics of children's television.
</p>
<p> The '80s gave rise to an even more insidious phenomenon:
cartoon shows based on popular toys. Charren sought to ban
programs like G.I. Joe and My Little Pony as little more than
program-length commercials. Most have since expired from low
ratings, but a fresh wave may be on the way: several new shows
in development feature snack-food characters like Chester
Cheetah, who hawks Cheetos. "It's nauseating," says Charren.
"Having turned all the toys into programs in the '80s, now
they're going to turn all the logos into programs in the '90s."
</p>
<p> The Children's Television Act will hardly solve all the
problems. Its ceilings on kidvid advertising--12 minutes an
hour on weekdays, 10 1/2 minutes on weekends--are higher than
what the networks currently run. Still, Charren sees the law as
a breakthrough, mainly because it threatens stations with the
loss of their license if they don't air some educational fare
for kids. Says Charren: "That has much more power behind it than
the noise of Peggy Charren and ACT."
</p>
<p> That remains to be seen. The law is so vaguely worded that
its impact depends almost entirely on how it is enforced. The
key question is, What constitutes educational fare? (A
documentary on rock music? A "pro-social" cartoon like Captain
Planet?) Squire Rushnell, the former head of children's
programming at ABC and now a producer of kids' shows, is
pessimistic. "Until there is an impetus from the White House
that would create a snowball effect with the FCC and on down,
nothing is going to really happen."
</p>
<p> Charren had an impact, not just because of the causes she
championed but because of the ones she didn't. Despite her
concern for children, she refused to ally herself with
conservative groups fighting to purge TV of excessive sex and
violence. "I believe that censorship is worse than any kind of
junk on TV," she maintained. Her primary thrust was not for
quality (that overused term) so much as for diversity: to give
parents and kids more choice. Children's TV may still be a long
way from her goal, but it is a lot closer than it would have
been without her.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>