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<text id=90TT0271>
<title>
Jan. 29, 1990: An Overblown Asbestos Scare?
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Jan. 29, 1990 Who Is The NRA?
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
ENVIRONMENT, Page 65
An Overblown Asbestos Scare?
</hdr>
<body>
<p>The dangers are minimal in most buildings, says a new study
</p>
<p> Lurking in ceiling tiles and insulation, wrapped around
heating pipes and boilers, asbestos--that once beloved
fireproof mineral, now dreaded as a carcinogen--is virtually
everywhere in American buildings. Communities and companies
around the country have been spending millions of dollars in a
race to remove the lethal stuff. The Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) estimates that at least 733,000 public and
commercial buildings and up to 45,000 of the nation's 100,000
schools contain asbestos in a potentially dangerous condition.
While the cost of removing it could reach hundreds of billions
of dollars over the next few decades, failure to do so would
expose millions of children and other citizens to the prospect
of an early, painful death.
</p>
<p> Or would it? According to a report in last week's Science,
the asbestos "crisis" is grossly exaggerated, and the public
would do well to save its dread and its dollars. Says Brooke
Mossman, a cell biologist at the University of Vermont College
of Medicine and the lead author of the report: "Low-level
exposure is not a threat to human health. The scare is
unprecedented, and the amount spent on asbestos removal is
ridiculous." In fact, say Mossman and her co-authors, removal
often puts more asbestos into the air than was there in the
first place.
</p>
<p> The scientists agree that airborne asbestos can be deadly.
It is a proven cause of mesothelioma, an incurable cancer of the
membranes surrounding internal organs. It also causes
asbestosis, a choking stiffening of the lungs, and it has been
linked to lung cancer. Yet nearly all cases of asbestos-related
disease have been confined to people who mined the mineral or
those who worked with it in manufacturing or installation jobs.
As for the general public, says Mossman, the level of exposure
even in buildings with flaking asbestos is no more than 1% of
the level deemed safe for workers.
</p>
<p> The researchers note that some sorts of asbestos are far
more dangerous than others and that the safest type is used
almost exclusively in U.S. buildings. The bottom line: the risk
of dying from smoking, drowning, airplane crashes or even
playing high school football is 100 to 1,000 times as great as
the risk of dying from asbestos exposure in buildings. "We have
known this for two years," complains Mossman, "yet I can still
pick up a newspaper that says it's a problem."
</p>
<p> The public's fears have been fueled in part by EPA
regulations that require school officials to inspect buildings
for flaking asbestos every six months, notify parents if it is
found and make every effort to contain or remove the material.
"The law implies that they must do something about it, and that
is not always right," says Mossman.
</p>
<p> Government officials acknowledge that the scientists have
a point. Says Charles Elkins, director of the EPA's office of
toxic substances: "I would agree that in many cases removal is
the wrong thing to do. It is a mistake for people to overreact.
But it is also a mistake to say that asbestos is not a problem."
In some situations, he says, simply blocking off an area or
coating the damaged material with chemical sealants may do the
trick. But asbestos insulation should probably be routinely
removed from pipes in hallways, for example, to prevent passing
children from dislodging it.
</p>
<p> The Science authors do not oppose all asbestos removal, but
they contend that it should be done only when the level and type
of airborne particles are clearly hazardous. Given the cost of
asbestos removal--$20 or more per sq. ft., or 100 times the
price of installing it--that argument should be a weighty one
for policymakers.
</p>
<p>By Michael D. Lemonick. Reported by Andrea Dorfman/New York.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>