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<text id=89TT0277>
<title>
Jan. 30, 1989: The History Of The Bomb
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
Jan. 30, 1989 The Bush Era Begins
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
VIDEO, Page 59
The History of the Bomb
</hdr><body>
<p>By Strobe Talbott
</p>
<qt> <l>WAR AND PEACE IN THE NUCLEAR AGE</l>
<l>PBS; Mondays; 8 p.m. on most stations</l>
</qt>
<p> As though in penance for its sins, television occasionally
tries to promote literacy in the sense of both knowledge and
reading. Such megasubjects as science, art, mythology and
civilization, as well as the hot and cold wars of the 20th
century, have been creditably presented in public-TV
documentaries, usually with what are called in the trade "book
tie-ins." Now the history of the Bomb is traced in a masterly
13-part PBS series, War and Peace in the Nuclear Age, and in a
comprehensive, highly readable companion book of the same title
(Knopf; $22.95). The book, published last week, is by John
Newhouse, a veteran diplomatic historian who writes for The New
Yorker. The TV series begins this week.
</p>
<p> Both works live up to their Tolstoyan title. Under executive
producer Zvi Dor-Ner, the series freshens the emblematic images
of the nuclear age with rare footage and ironic juxtapositions,
so that the viewer is more likely to look, and think, twice. Yet
another mushroom cloud, at first almost a cliche, becomes
surreal as Communist Chinese cavalrymen are shown charging
toward ground zero as part of a training exercise, riders and
horses wearing special masks to protect them against the blast.
</p>
<p> The Cuban missile crisis, which seemed done to death on its
25th anniversary less than two years ago, is skillfully
re-created. The show combines interviews with participants
(including, thanks to glasnost, an aide to Nikita Khrushchev
and another official who was the Soviet ambassador to Cuba at
the time) and excerpts from secretly recorded tapes of John F.
Kennedy's deliberations with his top advisers. In contrast to
the traditional version of the episode, one of the leading
hawks, at least initially, is the President's brother Bobby. He
is heard suggesting that it may be necessary to "sink the Maine
again or something" as a pretext for a U.S. invasion of Cuba.
</p>
<p> J.F.K.'s Secretary of Defense, Robert McNamara, emerges as
the principal spokesman for the overarching theme of both the TV
series and the book. That theme is that nuclear weapons are not
really weapons at all; they are political instruments whose very
existence deters their own use. Author Newhouse calls the quest
for strategic advantage "the chimera of the nuclear age."
</p>
<p> Having been used only twice, within a four-day period nearly
44 years ago at the end of World War II, the Bomb is prone to
mind-numbing abstraction. The TV series uses grainy,
black-and-white newsreels to make landmark events feel as though
they happened in the real world and epigrammatic statements
sound as though they were said by real people. One of many
moments that make War and Peace television at its best: a 1946
United Nations disarmament conference is seen considering a U.S.
plan for international controls that would prevent the Soviet
Union from developing its own bomb. The proposal comes to a
vote. It needs unanimous endorsement. One delegate after another
says "Yes," until first the Polish, then the Soviet, delegate
is heard from. A 37-year-old Andrei Gromyko says, softly and in
English, "Abstain." The plan is dead, and the tone of the
superpower rivalry is set for nearly 40 years to come. Finally,
Gromyko is shoved aside by Mikhail Gorbachev, who knows how to
say yes to the West and churn out a dizzying array of proposals
of his own.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>