home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
TIME: Almanac 1990s
/
Time_Almanac_1990s_SoftKey_1994.iso
/
time
/
021389
/
02138900.016
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1993-04-15
|
7KB
|
131 lines
<text id=89TT0421>
<link 93TG0056>
<link 93HT0501>
<link 90TT0948>
<title>
Feb. 13, 1989: Tiptoe Through The Tensions
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
Feb. 13, 1989 James Baker:The Velvet Hammer
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
BUSINESS, Page 60
Tiptoe Through the Tensions
</hdr><body>
<p>Bush and Takeshita try to start out on the right foot
</p>
<p> "If they don't hit it off, we're all in the soup," warned
Yasuhiro Nakasone, Japan's former Prime Minister, as his
successor prepared to meet President Bush last week. But there
was little cause for worry. When Noboru Takeshita became the
first foreign leader to hold a face-to-face meeting with the
new President, the 2 1/2-hour session was as mild as
Washington's 60 degrees F February weather. Gone were the
threats of a trade war. Absent too was much of the anger that
provided a harsh overtone for recent U.S.-Japanese summits. In
their place was the hope, albeit still as fragile as a cherry
blossom, for an era of growing harmony between the two countries
that together represent almost half the non-Communist world's
economic output.
</p>
<p> Yet unlike the meetings between Nakasone and Ronald Reagan,
who called each other Ron and Yasu, the Bush-Takeshita encounter
produced few signs of rapport that could help defuse a new
outbreak of tensions. The two appeared stiff and uncomfortable
as they stood side by side in the White House Rose Garden after
a lackluster working lunch with senior advisers. Said Bush, who
will return the visit later this month when he attends the state
funeral for Emperor Hirohito: "Simply put, we respect one
another. We need one another." Replied Takeshita: "In your
words, the new breeze is blowing, Mr. President."
</p>
<p> The ritual rhetoric could not paper over the underlying
problems in the relationship between the two allies. Chief among
them is Japan's stubborn trade surplus with the U.S., which now
seems stuck at more than $50 billion a year. After shrinking
during much of 1988, the trade gap widened significantly last
November, leading some economists to conclude that the
improvement has at least temporarily stalled. The trade gap has
defied such remedies as the dollar's steep two-year decline,
which was expected to slow Japanese exports to the U.S. by
making them more expensive. One reason for the lack of success
is the still considerable U.S. budget deficit (fiscal 1988
total: $155 billion), which overstimulates the American economy
and its demand for Japanese products.
</p>
<p> Nonetheless, Japan has made solid progress in overhauling
its economy to help ease the trade imbalance. The country is
phasing out protectionist quotas on U.S. beef and citrus
products, for example, and has opened its construction market to
foreign bidders. Japan imported 48% more U.S.-made computers and
office equipment in 1988 than in the previous year, and 55% more
semiconductors and telecommunications equipment. "A massive
structural change has taken place in the Japanese economy,"
says economist Noriko Hama of the Mitsubishi Research Institute.
"We are much more import-oriented than we were a couple of
years ago."
</p>
<p> While Takeshita's popularity at home has been weakened by
the adoption of a 3% consumption tax that he championed and a
stock scandal that forced the resignation of three Cabinet
members, he has been successful in expanding Japan's role as a
global philanthropist. Among the signs: a planned 7.8% increase
in Japan's foreign-aid budget. The growth will lift Japanese
overseas assistance to $9.6 billion for fiscal 1989, and should
propel Japan past the U.S. as the world's top donor.
</p>
<p> Tokyo has also unveiled a 5.9% rise in defense spending,
which boosts Japan's military budget to $31 billion. The gain
failed to satisfy Secretary of Defense-designate John Tower,
who denounced Japan's constitutional limit on military power as
a "lousy idea" last month during Senate confirmation hearings.
But the increase demonstrated Japan's sensitivity to U.S.
critics who want Tokyo to shoulder more of its defense burden.
</p>
<p> The two nations remain deeply split over ways to handle the
mounting crisis in Third World debt, which now totals $1.2
trillion. While Japan would like to see a bigger role for the
International Monetary Fund in reducing the debt burden, the
U.S. fears that approach would simply funnel public funds into
bailing out private banks. Washington, in contrast, thinks the
IMF should take a harder line in collecting the IOUs that it
has already extended.
</p>
<p> At week's end the debt crisis perplexed senior finance
officials of the seven major industrial countries, or G-7 group
(Britain, Canada, France, Italy, Japan, the U.S. and West
Germany), at a summit meeting in Washington. Treasury Secretary
Nicholas Brady, who asked for the meeting, billed it as merely
an opportunity for the participants to get acquainted with the
Administration and the new Japanese Finance Minister, Tatsuo
Murayama. But for the first time the U.S. conceded that a
debt-reduction plan pushed more than three years ago by former
Treasury Secretary James Baker has not been a complete success.
The so-called Baker Plan called for debtor nations to adopt
free-market policies and for lenders to make new loans on
easier terms. Now some G-7 leaders have proposed encouraging
greater private-bank lending to developing countries by giving
the institutions some tax incentives or regulatory breaks.
</p>
<p> Despite the lingering U.S.-Japan disagreements, the two
countries have become so economically intertwined -- producing
everything from Hondas in Ohio to IBM computers in Tokyo -- that
competitive measures like the trade deficit may no longer give
a complete picture of the relationship. "The notion of the U.S.
vs. Japan is obsolete in this day of globalization," observes
Kenichi Ohmae, managing director of the Tokyo office of McKinsey
& Co., a consulting firm. Concurs Robert Hormats, vice-chairman
of Goldman, Sachs International: "We don't have the luxury of
constantly fighting each other." George Bush and Noboru
Takeshita have already learned that lesson. But while the two
men avoided plunging into a new bowl of soup last week, they
made little progress in climbing out of the old one.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>