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TIME: Almanac 1990s
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<text id=91TT0385>
<link 91TT0434>
<link 91TT0262>
<link 91TT0057>
<title>
Feb. 18, 1991: Jumping Out Of The Pool
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991 Highlights
The Persian Gulf War:Desert Storm
</history>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
Feb. 18, 1991 The War Comes Home
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
THE GULF WAR, Page 39
THE PRESS
Jumping Out of the Pool
</hdr><body>
<p>A growing number of reporters are circumventing military
restrictions in hopes of getting a better picture of the war
</p>
<p>By RICHARD ZOGLIN -- Reported by Lara Marlowe and Dick
Thompson/ Dhahran
</p>
<p> Carl Nolte, a reporter for the San Francisco Chronicle,
spent his first few days in Saudi Arabia wandering around
Dhahran's International Hotel, mostly reading pooled reports
from his peers. Then he moved to Riyadh, where he sat in on
military briefings. Finally, exasperated, he climbed into his
rented Chevrolet Caprice and simply headed north. He got lost
several times on the poorly marked roads but eventually hooked
up with U.S. troops, who complained to him about everything
from inadequate supplies to late paychecks. Nolte duly sent the
news home. "If you sit around waiting for the scraps to be fed
to you," he says, "you're going to get the kind of things a dog
gets: leftovers."
</p>
<p> Military officials refer to Nolte and his roving confreres
as unilaterals. Reporters prefer to call them free-lancers.
More bluntly, they are pool busters: reporters who are
circumventing the superintended pool system imposed by the
military to limit the number of journalists venturing into the
Middle East battlefield. In the grand tradition of buccaneering
war correspondents, these reporters are taking risks to give
audiences a fuller picture of what is happening in the gulf.
</p>
<p> Journalists in Saudi Arabia have been griping about the pool
system since before the war started. One fear was that military
censors, who screen pool dispatches, would purge any material
deemed unfavorable to the military. Despite a few incidents of
tampering, that has not happened. But editors and reporters
have a more basic objection: the news emerging from the pools
is too limited, and often too late, to be of use in the
competitive climate.
</p>
<p> The battle for Khafji was a case in point. Though pool
reporters were stationed with the 1st U.S. Marine Division
outside the Saudi city, they were not allowed into the town
until 18 hours after fighting started between Iraqi armor and
coalition forces. Early accounts of the battle came mostly from
reporters operating on their own. One of them, John King of the
Associated Press, sneaked into the city on the first night of
fighting and watched as Arab troops tried to retake the town.
"The pools did not get an accurate view [of the battle] because
they didn't see it," says King. "They wrote that the Saudi and
Qatari liberated the city, but they had no realistic view of
how long it took, what happened or how many Iraqis were in
there." The best footage of the battle came from two French TV
crews and a team from Britain's Visnews, which were in Khafji
well before U.S. pool cameramen. (Little of this was seen on
American TV.)
</p>
<p> Free-lancing reporters have scored many other coups. Some
of the first shots of the mammoth Iraqi-instigated oil slick
came from a British ITN crew fully two days before pool footage
arrived. A group of nonpool journalists driving near the
Iraq-Saudi border last week got a scoop when four hungry Iraqi
army deserters approached them and surrendered. Complaints
about the pool reports have been growing. "Why didn't we get
the oil spill? Why wasn't a pool on the [battleship] Missouri
when it fired its guns?" asks Thomas Giusto of ABC, who is
coordinating pool coverage for the four U.S. networks. "The
pools have not been granted access to things when they are
happening."
</p>
<p> Military officials continue to claim that the pool system
is the best way to protect allied forces from being overwhelmed
by reporters and to safeguard the journalists. The
disappearance of CBS correspondent Bob Simon and his three-man
crew, whose vehicle was found abandoned near the Kuwaiti border
almost three weeks ago, weighs heavily on journalists, but it
has not dampened their desire to do more independent reporting.
"The last thing Bob Simon would want," says the A.P.'s King,
"is for us to stop covering the war because he disappeared."
</p>
<p> Though there are no formal penalties for violating the
rules, U.S. military officials have reported offenders to the
Saudis, who have temporarily revoked some press credentials.
For that reason, editors are reluctant to admit that they are
encouraging reporters to break the pool restrictions. But it
is clear that the practice is at least tacitly condoned. Robert
Rosenthal, foreign editor of the Philadelphia Inquirer, says
he tells his gulf reporters to "use your initiative to do what
you can safely."
</p>
<p> Though pool busting appears to be on the rise, it is by no
means always successful. Two A.P. reporters who showed up
uninvited last week at the U.S. 24th Mechanized Infantry
Division were detained for three hours and then sent back to
Dhahran. A French TV crew that arrived on the outskirts of
Khafji during the fighting was greeted by angry shouts from
attending pool reporters. According to producer Alain Debos,
the crew was forced at gunpoint by Marines to give up videotape
it had shot of a wounded U.S. soldier.
</p>
<p> Some correspondents argue that the tight military
restrictions add to the dangers they face. To skirt the rules,
many are disguising themselves as military personnel, thus
increasing the chances of being mistaken for combatants by the
Iraqis. But even obeying the regulations can be hazardous.
After pool reporter Douglas Jehl of the Los Angeles Times
reported 50 U.S. military vehicles were missing, officials
complained that his story, which had been cleared by censors,
was contrary to the "best interests" of the military. They
ordered him to leave the pool. Incidents like that will not
make reporters any more eager to play by the steadily fraying
rules.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>