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<text id=91TT0538>
<title>
Mar. 11, 1991: Rebuilding A Ravaged Nation
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
Mar. 11, 1991 Kuwait City:Feb. 27, 1991
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
THE GULF WAR, Page 42
THE DEVASTATION
Rebuilding a Ravaged Nation
</hdr><body>
<p>U.S. firms lead in the drive to put Kuwait back together--a
task that will consume more time and money than did the
pillaging it aims to repair
</p>
<p>By John Greenwald--Reported by William McWhirter/Chicago and
Richard Woodbury/Houston, with other bureaus
</p>
<p> Now that the guns have fallen silent, the pounding of
jackhammers will soon replace the din of war. At $200 billion
or more over the next 10 years, the price of rebuilding ravaged
Kuwait seems certain to dwarf the $50 billion or so that it
took to liberate the oil-rich country. With that much money at
stake, companies around the world began battles of their own
long before the shooting war ended, fighting over contracts for
everything from hospitals to refineries in one of history's
largest reconstruction jobs. "This provides an almost unlimited
backlog of good, profitable work," says John Dosher, a Houston
energy consultant. "It's a potential gold mine."
</p>
<p> So far, U.S. firms have prevailed as decisively as American
troops did on the battlefield. Conspicuously absent from the
fray: bidders from Japan and Germany, whose soldiers stayed
home from the fighting. Huddled in hotel rooms in Saudi Arabia
with officials of Kuwait's government-in-exile, executives of
U.S. companies have won 70% of initial awards for emergency
services during the first three months of rebuilding. Such
tasks as putting out oil fires and restoring water and power
to blasted buildings could cost more than $500 million during
this period. As part of the effort, Kuwait awarded the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers $46 million to help assess the damage
and lay the groundwork for reconstruction.
</p>
<p> The real money will go to the giant construction and
oil-service firms that will rebuild Kuwait's shattered
petroleum industry. Bechtel Group, based in San Francisco,
recently signed a $150 million letter of intent to manage the
mammoth task, a job that analysts say could bring the company
$6 billion in revenue over the next few years. Bechtel, which
has operated in Kuwait for more than 40 years, is gearing up
to hire 4,300 workers for the project. Other U.S. heavyweights
likely to land big contracts include Fluor, based in
California, a leader in petroleum projects, and Halliburton, a
Dallas firm that built a major Kuwaiti oil refinery.
</p>
<p> No one will have much oil to refine until fire fighters
extinguish the Iraqi-set blazes that raged last week through
more than 500 of Kuwait's 1,000 wells, blackening the country's
sky. It will require millions of gallons of water and tons of
dynamite and other explosives to snuff out the flames. "It's
one gigantic mess," says Red Adair, whose Houston company is
one of four Texas firms engaged in the effort. "No one knows
what we're really in for. I've never seen anything like this
before in my life." Experts say dousing the fires and restoring
the fields could cost up to $15 billion over the next five
years. Plenty of U.S. oil-field companies like the sound of
that. "The phone's been ringing off the hook with people
looking for work," says T.B. O'Brien, president of the
oil-field engineering firm O'Brien Goins Simpson, which is
coordinating the fire-fighting campaign.
</p>
<p> U.S. companies are receiving vigorous help from Washington.
For months the Bush Administration has been urging Kuwait to
give Americans a leading role in rebuilding the country. Says
an insider whose Midwestern firm is part of the
reconstruction's first phase: "Bush wanted to be sure that
every initiative was made to secure a substantial share of
business for the U.S."
</p>
<p> Kuwait makes no secret of its gratitude to the Yanks. Sheik
Saud Nasir al-Sabah, Kuwait's ambassador to the U.S., outlined
his country's policy in a January letter to Republican
Representative Helen Bentley of Maryland. He said Kuwait
planned "to award the largest proportion of contracts to U.S.
companies, in recognition of the immense sacrifice the people
of the United States are making in the liberation of Kuwait."
</p>
<p> Other countries are struggling to claim a share of the
profits. British Foreign Secretary Douglas Hurd journeyed last
month to meet with Kuwait's government-in-exile and seek
postwar business. "The Crown Prince has said he will look
favorably on Kuwait's supporters," says John Lace, managing
director of Britain's Babcock Energy, which builds power
plants. "So we are second in the queue." As if to confirm that,
Kuwait last week awarded Britain's Attwoods PLC $1 billion to
clear the war's rubble and debris.
</p>
<p> French firms have had less luck--not one has clinched a
major Kuwaiti award, French officials say. Many companies are
waiting to join a trade mission to Kuwait before pressing their
bids. "We have wrongly told ourselves that our policies toward
Kuwait have been too ambiguous and too varied for our companies
to win contracts," says Antoine Jeancourt-Galignani, chairman
of Banque Indosuez, based in Paris. He says Kuwaiti officials
have assured him that "Kuwait finds France a solid ally and is
prepared to give business to all the coalition members." Just
not yet.
</p>
<p> Kuwait's Arab neighbors in the multinational force have
fared better. Saudi Arabia has furnished $80 million of
emergency food supplies and is bidding on contracts for cement
and other building materials. Egypt expects to provide much of
the labor to rebuild Kuwait. Workers there before the invasion
were largely Egyptians, Palestinians and Yemenites, but the
last two groups supported Saddam and won't be welcome for a
long time. So the 400,000 Egyptians who fled after the invasion
will probably stream back, followed by many compatriots.
</p>
<p> To absorb the first blow of expenses, Kuwait will borrow
money and sell part of its $300 billion of foreign holdings.
Then it needs to get oil flowing again as fast as possible,
because the bills aren't going to let up. Destroying Kuwait
took just seven months for Saddam's occupying forces.
Rebuilding it could take an army of globe-straddling companies
until the next century.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>