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TIME: Almanac 1990s
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<text id=90TT0635>
<title>
Mar. 12, 1990: A Revolution In Many Voices
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Mar. 12, 1990 Soviet Disunion
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
BOOKS, Page 75
A Revolution in Many Voices
</hdr>
<body>
<p>By Sandra Burton
</p>
<qt> <l>LEGACIES: A CHINESE MOSAIC</l>
<l>by Bette Bao Lord</l>
<l>Knopf; 272 pages; $19.95</l>
</qt>
<p> During the three years that China's door was opened widest
to the world, American Ambassador Winston Lord and his wife
turned their embassy residence into an exciting salon for
Chinese intellectuals. To the delight of those artists and
academics who were regulars, these gatherings offered American
films, disco lessons and a rare place to talk freely to one
another--and to their effervescent hostess, Shanghai-born
novelist Bette Bao Lord. Well before the advent of the democracy
movement in Beijing, she began recording their uncensored life
stories. Back in the U.S. after the crackdown, she spliced them
together with recollections drawn from her own Chinese roots.
The result is a vivid and startling mosaic of the political
struggles that foreshadowed the Tiananmen Square uprising.
</p>
<p> Rather than chronicling last spring's events, Lord
concentrates on coming to terms with legacies from the past: her
family's and China's. In her uncle Jieu Jieu, the wise peasant
who boasts an "unwashable brain," Lord sees the best aspects of
the masses in whose name the Chinese revolution was waged.
Supremely pragmatic, Jieu Jieu never bought Chairman Mao's line
that the Great Leap Forward of the 1950s would instantly
catapult China into the ranks of industrialized countries. On
the other hand, Lord broods over the dilemma of an elderly
scholar whose Western education made him an outcast in a society
that he resentfully characterizes as "of the peasant, by the
peasant and for the peasant."
</p>
<p> Lord's most indelible portraits involve the turbulent
decade of the Cultural Revolution. An actress talks at length
about being forced to drop out of a school for the gifted when
her librarian father was accused of being a "rightist." She
confesses to Lord that her resentment hardened into a "hate so
unnatural that it could sever the bond between a loving father
and a loving child." Not until she was sent to collect her
father's ashes from the prison where he died did she come to see
that it was the regime, not her father, that was the enemy.
"Your father's ears were torn off," a prison official confided
to her, giving the lie to the explanation that the death was a
suicide.
</p>
<p> Lord's quest to learn how a whole generation could have
"thought it glorious to humiliate their elders...to report
on family and friends; to storm strangers' homes; to hurt fellow
Chinese without consideration of sex or age; to maim and kill"
netted her two interviews with former members of the Red Guard.
One of them, a historian, recounted how he bludgeoned his
favorite teacher. As other students began hurling insults and
then blows at the victim, the mild-mannered historian "imagined
more and more eyes looking at me, demanding answers." Realizing
that he would be stripped of his prized Red Guard armband if he
failed to take part in the assault, he constructed a rationale
to justify joining the brutality. His teacher's past devotion
had been but a ruse to tar him as a fellow counterrevolutionary,
he reasoned. He convinced himself that the manner in which the
old man fell to his knees proved that he was guilty.
</p>
<p> In her reflections on the democracy movement, Lord forsakes
the realism of a diplomat for the romanticism of a novelist.
"Until Li Peng's announcement of martial law, I had hoped
against hope that Deng Xiaoping would walk into the Square; that
cupped in his hands would be a peach, the symbol of longevity;
that he would proffer it to the hunger strikers, young enough
to be his great-grandchildren." With that one dramatic gesture,
she argues, "he could have...won back the hearts that were
once his." But days after she left China, the crackdown came,
and Lord began weaving together the voices that so powerfully
convey the legacies that the present leadership inherited, and
the ones those leaders will bequeath.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>