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<text id=90TT0830>
<title>
Apr. 02, 1990: No, But I Bought The Book
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Apr. 02, 1990 Nixon Memoirs
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
BOOKS, Page 66
No, but I Bought the Book
</hdr>
<body>
<p>How to calculate the truth about the least-read best sellers of
1989
</p>
<p>By Paul Gray
</p>
<p> In its annual ritual, Publishers Weekly has tallied up the
book figures for the year past, and the numbers make it look
like a very good vintage. Sales in the U.S. jumped 11%, to
$14.7 billion. Four novels sold more than 1 million copies
each, and 63 passed the 100,000-copy plateau, far eclipsing the
old record of 52 in 1987. But amid all this dusty bookkeeping
lurks some astonishing information.
</p>
<p> Item: Salman Rushdie's death-defying novel, The Satanic
Verses, sold 746,949 copies, putting this brilliant, difficult
author near the neighborhood of Tom Clancy, Stephen King and
Danielle Steel.
</p>
<p> Item: Umberto Eco's gnomic, daunting Foucault's Pendulum,
published in the fall, got off to a fast start with 278,161
sales.
</p>
<p> Item: A Brief History of Time, by the British physicist
Stephen Hawking, which appeared in 1988, added 410,000 sales
last year to pass 1 million overall.
</p>
<p> At first glance, such figures make the heart leap at this
sudden elevation of popular taste. Unfortunately, no one has
yet revealed how many copies of Rushdie, Eco or Hawking were
actually read by those who bought them. Surveys of reading
habits appear now and then; they must be discounted absolutely.
Pollsters are not equipped with rubber truncheons to beat the
truth out of interviewees. And where this subject is concerned,
people lie. They will go on Donahue or Geraldo and confess,
beaming, to every sin against God and man--except the act of
not having really read the latest much toted and touted tome
they've been going around praising.
</p>
<p> An informal test was staged a few years ago by Michael
Kinsley, then editor of the New Republic, who had notes slipped
deep into dozens of copies of three much discussed works that
were selling well in Washington bookstores; anyone who found
the notes (which presumably included anyone who read the books)
was instructed to call for a $5 reward. After five months, no
one had. "These books don't exist to be read," Kinsley later
wrote. "They exist to be gazed at, browsed through, talked
about." The Kinsley experiment's small sampling could lead to
the conclusion, probably erroneous, that no books are actually
read. Some surely are. But which ones and by how many?
</p>
<p> Fortunately, some common sense and simple math can produce
rough answers. People buy a book for many reasons: either they
want to read it, think they ought to read it, or want to
impress people by making them think they have read it. But it
is a truth universally acknowledged that folks are motivated
by desire and ease, rather than self-improvement or showiness,
when it comes to the private act of actually turning the pages.
Hence, a formula that indicates what percentage of books sold
are really read. The Fully Read Index (FRI) equals the Author
Comfort Index (ACI) times the Simple Prose Coefficient (SPC).
</p>
<p> The Author Comfort Index (ranging from 10 to 1) measures the
amount of egalitarianism generated by writers in their books.
King, Clancy and Steel achieve highest scores in this category,
and Robert Fulghum ranks near the top with a 9.7. They have
mastered the trick of making their readers feel not only their
equal but frequently their superior. On the other hand, Rushdie
and Hawking are manifestly forbidding, the smartest guys in the
class. Give them both 1s.
</p>
<p> The Simple Prose Coefficient is, well, simple. A score of
9.9 indicates that a casual reader in an enclosed space where
jet engines are being tested at 30-second intervals will catch
virtually every nuance. (A score of 10 is impossible, reserved
for the realm of television game shows or the news columns of
USA Today.)
</p>
<p> Hawking, with an ACI of 1 and an SPC of 3, gets an FRI of
3; of every 100 people who bought A Brief History of Time,
three finished it. Rushdie (ACI 1 X SPC 2) weighs in at a solid
2%. In the middle range, John le Carre has a fairly high ACI
(8), thanks to his 25 years of best-sellerdom, along with a
demanding style ameliorated somewhat by the propulsions of
suspense (SPC 6). His FRI of 48% means that of the 530,280
copies of The Russia House sold, 254,534.4 consumers finished
it.
</p>
<p> These results are subject to various interpretations. On the
one hand, when they can find a respite from the demands and
diversions of contemporary life, more people are reading more
pap than ever before. On the other, Hawking's FRI rating of 3%
amounts to a readership of some 30,000 for A Brief History of
Time. Is that number shamefully low or encouragingly high? That
probably depends on how it is read.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>