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<text id=93TT1777>
<title>
May 24, 1993: Reviews:Books
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
May 24, 1993 Kids, Sex & Values
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
REVIEWS
BOOKS, Page 76
Cleaning Out The Closets
</hdr>
<body>
<p>By R.Z. SHEPPARD
</p>
<qt>
<l>TITLE: Conduct Unbecoming: Gays & Lesbians In The U.S. Military</l>
<l>AUTHOR: Randy Shilts</l>
<l>PUBLISHER: St. Martin's Press; 784 Pages; $27.95</l>
<l>TITLE: Queer In America: Sex, The Media, and The Closets Of Power</l>
<l>AUTHOR: Michelangelo Signorile</l>
<l>PUBLISHER: Random House; 378 Pages; $23</l>
</qt>
<p> THE BOTTOM LINE: Two new books about homosexuality are launched
into the mainstream. The heavy one floats. The lighter one sinks.
</p>
<p> When asked about his homosexuality, W.H. Auden replied that
he was a poet first and a "queen" second. It was a modest response
in a less touchy time. Auden was, in fact, a great poet, but
for all the public knew or cared, he was just an ordinary homosexual
living and working in a world that, by tacit agreement, did
not pry into people's sex lives. Even when the media came out
of the closet--pencils erect and cameras hot--to chase stories
about the New Libido, homosexuality was still a taboo subject.
</p>
<p> AIDS changed all that. TV newsreaders, looking like Barbie or
Ken, began chirping about condoms and anal sex. The clinical
message was clear, but the cultural meaning remained foggy.
Already disoriented by accelerated change, Americans did not
need another aggrieved minority blaming them for its misfortune.
</p>
<p> Randy Shilts may change a few minds. Conduct Unbecoming submerges
the reader in case histories about humiliation and injustice
suffered by homosexual men and women in the U.S. armed forces.
The pattern of abuse is so predictable that Shilts needs to
break each story into episodes that are then staggered throughout
the book. The device defers predictability and allows the author
to insert repeatedly his two main points: first, that homosexuals
can soldier as well as heterosexuals, and, second, that the
military has always been more concerned with appearances than
with reality.
</p>
<p> Gays, Shilts notes with confidence, have served well since the
American Revolution, although his evidence for Baron von Steuben's
predilections does not support the designation "gay general."
But even if the baron had ridden sidesaddle into Valley Forge,
it is unlikely that he would have been turned away. George Washington
desperately needed his Prussian expertise.
</p>
<p> Military necessity is a great leveler. Time and again, Shilts
documents two facts: homosexuals become less unbecoming in time
of war when every able body is needed; and harassment, intimidation
and administrative discharges for gays and lesbians increase
when the shooting stops. That employment practice was especially
evident from the late '70s through the '80s, when the draft
was replaced by volunteerism. On the eve of the Reagan Administration,
Deputy Secretary of Defense Graham Claytor Jr., once law clerk
of Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis, laid the groundwork
for the Pentagon's current antigay policy. The essence contained
in a Joint Chiefs of Staff statement was that "homosexuality
is incompatible with military service."
</p>
<p> Shilts refutes the assertion with some vivid reporting. He digs
up a long-buried Navy study that found no correlabetween sexual
behavior and job performance. Winston Churchill's era of "rum,
sodomy and the lash" has given way to unofficial evenings in
gay on-board clubs, special newsletters, travel guides and lubricants
formulated in ships' pharmacies.
</p>
<p> Conduct Unbecoming has the heft and urgency of a journalistic
milestone. But the book's lack of thoughtful underpinning, its
failure to distinguish between homophobia and the military's
more practical concerns, threatens to turn it into a doorstop.
</p>
<p> Nonetheless, Shilts' opus will be around much longer than Michelangelo
Signorile's Queer in America. The deterioration begins in the
first lines of the introduction. "There exists in America what
appears to be a brilliantly orchestrated, massive conspiracy
to keep all homosexuals locked in the closet." Four lines later,
Signorile's great conspiracy is "a relatively unconscious one,
ingrained as it is in our culture."
</p>
<p> The reader looking for consistency should open a jar of peanut
butter rather than this screed. But as rancid gossip repackaged
for national distribution, Queer in America is going to be hard
to beat. Signorile learned his trade feeding items to New York
City gossip columnists. He was an innuendo specialist who now
touts himself as the pioneer of "outing," the distasteful practice
of publicizing the private lives of homosexuals who do not feel
the need to advertise what goes on in their bedrooms. By outing
the famous, Signorile believes he is liberating all homosexuals
from shame and guilt. He is especially eager to smoke out gays
and lesbians whose livelihoods, unlike his own, rely on discretion.
He sees them as hypocrites and lackeys of their oppressors,
a point made so often that the book begins to resemble a stack
of bumper stickers.
</p>
<p> Like most egotists, Signorile keeps breaking out in rashes of
infantilism. It gives his writing a reckless charm. It also
preserves the delusion that he can do nasty things to people
for their own good.
</p>
<p> Despite their differences in temperament and perspective, Shilts
and Signorile represent a new generation of gay writers. Both
help replace the campy stereotype with a more direct and challenging
approach. From now on, the sex is going to be safer than the
writing.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>