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TIME: Almanac 1990s
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<text id=90TT1588>
<title>
June 18, 1990: Forgive Us Our Debts, Please!
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
June 18, 1990 Child Warriors
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
BUSINESS, Page 62
Forgive Us Our Debts, Please!
</hdr>
<body>
<p> Donald Trump is not alone in his misery. Hapless borrowers,
crushed by debts they assumed during the go-go 1980s, have made
the term "cash crunch" a byword of the '90s. The average U.S.
company is so loaded down with loans that it must spend fully
50% of its pretax earnings on interest payments, vs. 32% in
1980. "The major issue facing the nation is that people and
companies can't live off debt indefinitely," says Louis
Masotti, a professor at the Stanford and Northwestern business
schools.
</p>
<p> Greyhound became one of the latest casualties of debt last
week when the strike-bound bus line entered bankruptcy
proceedings. Although a violent, three-month walkout by 6,300
drivers was the immediate cause of trouble, Greyhound remains
burdened by $430 million it borrowed in 1987 when it went
private in a leveraged buyout and acquired the Trailways bus
line. After the buyout, Greyhound cut wages to restore profits
and found itself on a collision course with drivers, who struck
last March. Greyhound has since hired more than 3,000 nonunion
drivers and says its ridership has reached 75% of prestrike
levels. The firm received court permission last week to keep
its buses rolling.
</p>
<p> For some companies, debt was a by-product of attempts to
escape takeover raids. Interco, a St. Louis-based conglomerate
whose holdings include the Converse and Florsheim shoe
companies, borrowed $1.9 billion in 1988 to fend off a hostile
bid. Interco said last month that it was willing to give
creditors a controlling interest in the firm to avoid
bankruptcy court.
</p>
<p> The same problem has staggered Southland and Circle K, the
two largest U.S. operators of convenience stores. Southland,
which runs 7-Eleven outlets (total stores: 6,900), ran into
trouble after borrowing $4.9 billion for an LBO in 1987. The
cash-strapped company is now negotiating to sell 75% of its
stock for $400 million to Japanese investors. Circle K, with
4,600 stores in 32 states, sought protection under Chapter 11
last month after accumulating $1.2 billion of debt during a
six-year expansion binge.
</p>
<p> Wisconsin-based G. Heileman Brewing had been enjoying heady
success until Australian raider Alan Bond took over the company
in 1987 for $1.6 billion. Bond's empire collapsed two years
later, leaving the brewer swamped with debt. Heileman is now
attempting to give creditors an equity stake in return for loan
relief.
</p>
<p> Even the venerable R.H. Macy is living uncomfortably close
to the edge. The Manhattan-based retailer said last week it was
"actively examining opportunities to reduce or refinance our
debt." Macy's has been reeling from interest charges on $3.7
billion that it borrowed in 1986 for an LBO. The company's woes
worsened last Christmas, when it tried to match desperate
markdowns at the bankrupt-bound Allied and Federated department
store groups--the properties of debt-driven Canadian raider
Robert Campeau. The problems of retailers were underscored last
week when Ames Department Stores, which entered bankruptcy in
April as a result of an ill-fated $800 million takeover of the
Zayre chain, said it would shut 221 stores and lay off 17,500
employees, or nearly one-third of its work force.
</p>
<p> Hard times will aggravate the problem. Economists fear that
the sluggish U.S. economy, which grew at a meager 1.3% pace in
the first quarter, could help put an increasing number of
debt-laden firms into bankruptcy court.
</p>
<p>By John Greenwald. Reported by Tom Curry/Atlanta and William
McWhirter/Chicago.
</p>
<p>FORGIVE US OUR DEBTS, PLEASE!
</p>
<p>GREYHOUND
</p>
<p> Greyhound, which spent $50 million to halt strike-related
violence, landed in bankruptcy.
</p>
<p>CONVERSE
</p>
<p> The beleaguered parent company of the sneaker maker has put
16 divisions up for sale.
</p>
<p>G. HEILEMAN BREWING
</p>
<p> After a takeover, the frothy profits of the Wisconsin beer
producer suddenly went flat.
</p>
<p>CIRCLE K
</p>
<p> The store chain has been cutting prices and offering
promotions to lure customers.
</p>
<p>MACY'S
</p>
<p> The venerable retailer lost $135 million in the first three
quarters of its current fiscal year.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>