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<text id=93TT1918>
<title>
June 21, 1993: Alzheimer's Clue
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
Jun. 21, 1993 Sex for Sale
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
HEALTH, Page 59
Alzheimer's Clue
</hdr>
<body>
<p>Once ignored, a scientist gains support for his idea that a
common gene helps cause the disease
</p>
<p> Only last year, Allen Roses, a Duke University neurologist,
seemed out in left field in terms of research on Alzheimer's
disease, the dread brain disorder that afflicts as many as 4
million Americans. His theory that a particular gene puts people
at high risk for Alzheimer's just didn't get much attention
or respect from fellow scientists. But after months of tirelessly
making his case, Roses is no longer dismissed; instead he is
being courted by drug companies eager to use his research to
find a diagnostic test and treatment. At a medical meeting in
New York City last week, Roses presented fresh evidence and
stirred even more interest. No one, not even Roses, believes
that he has answered all questions about Alzheimer's or that
a cure is around the corner, but there is a growing consensus
that the Duke scientist has opened up a promising avenue for
understanding and attacking the disease.
</p>
<p> For several years, researchers have known that the brain cells
of Alzheimer's victims are clogged with an overabundance of
beta amyloid. The sticky protein forms plaques that can kill
the cells, gradually producing memory loss. But why do some
people have an excess of the amyloid, and why does it accumulate
in the brain?
</p>
<p> Roses proposes that amyloid has an accomplice: a blood protein
called ApoE. Its main function seems to be transporting cholesterol,
but according to Roses, ApoE can also latch on to amyloid and
cart it into brain cells. How often that happens may depend
on what type of ApoE a person has, which in turn depends on
the genes that direct the making of ApoE. Those genes come in
at least three varieties--dubbed E2, E3 and E4--and everyone
has two of the genes, one from each parent.
</p>
<p> Studies by Roses' team and others done on families hit by Alzheimer's
suggest E4 raises the odds of getting the disease. For example,
people with two E4 genes are eight to nine times as likely to
have the disorder as those with two E3 genes. "Roses' genetic
data are overwhelming," says Dr. Rudy Tanzi of Massachusetts
General Hospital.
</p>
<p> The theory doesn't explain every case: many people with E4 don't
have Alzheim er's, and not all victims have E4. But the evidence
indicating that E4 increases the risk may lead to a blood test
to identify people likely to develop Alzheimer's. If Roses is
right, the research may also help design a drug to keep ApoE
from carrying so much amyloid into brain cells--and thus prevent
the proteins from doing their deadly work.
</p>
<p> By Anastasia Toufexis. Reported by Alice Park/New York
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>