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TIME: Almanac 1990s
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<text id=91TT1555>
<title>
July 15, 1991: Examining the Big Picture
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
July 15, 1991 Misleading Labels
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
EDUCATION, Page 63
Examining the Big Picture
</hdr><body>
<p> How does this sound as an exam question? A fifth-grader in
San Diego County decided to figure out how far a ball would travel
if it rolled down a ramp at a steady 5 ft. per sec. for a year
(assuming that friction on the shallow incline counteracted the
acceleration of gravity.) His work page is a maze of
multiplication, punctuated by arrows explaining things like
"Here I found out how many seconds there are in a year." His
final answer--29,863 miles and 1,108.8 yds.--is accompanied
by a proud statement: "I chose this paper because it's a problem
I created and solved myself."
</p>
<p> The child's exercise is an example of what is known as the
portfolio approach to testing, which derives its name from the
collection of work assembled by artists and architects to show
off the true scope of their talent. In addition to taking formal
exams, a portfolio student selects his or her best work during
an entire year of study, and at term's end explains the choices.
The portfolio approach places emphasis on overall accomplishment
rather than ability to conquer a battery of tests. And students
learn the virtues of improvement as they revise and embellish
drafts of their work, as opposed to the cycle of cramming and
forgetting that can accompany an exam regimen.
</p>
<p> Portfolios have been used on a small scale for some time
in pilot projects around the country--but over the past year,
fourth- and eighth-graders in about one-third of Vermont's
public elementary and middle schools began assembling portfolios
in English and mathematics to be scored by their teachers. This
year the remaining schools will participate. While students will
continue to take tests to measure basic skills in subjects like
mathematics and reading, the goals are to incorporate such
gauges gradually into the portfolios and, perhaps, do away with
exams altogether.
</p>
<p> In English classes, students assemble poems, plays and
essays for their portfolios. They also submit to a 45-minute
creative-writing session to determine how well they perform
under pressure. Mathematics is a tougher challenge for all
concerned. Thus far the attempts to build a portfolio include
everything from exercises in factors and fractions to
mind-stretching essays on the color of mathematics and the
composition of letters to Albert Einstein. But, says Ann Rainey,
an award-winning eighth-grade math teacher in the Shelburne
Middle School near Burlington, "we still don't know what a math
portfolio should be." The development of a uniform
portfolio-scoring system is equally difficult. Vermont
education authorities have set up seven week-long sessions this
summer to help teachers calibrate their mathematics scoring.
</p>
<p> Most Vermont teachers seem enthusiastic, if curious, about
the new method. But some fear that basic skills will suffer if
uniform testing of students is abolished. "That would definitely
be a mistake in math," says Steven Jarrett, an eighth-grade
math teacher in Craftsbury. "Algebra needs to be practiced
continuously." ConRoss Brewer, director of the Vermont project:
"There are no smart people to copy. We are literally making this
thing up as we go along."
</p>
<p> By Sam Allis/Burlington
</p>
</body></article>
</text>