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<text id=89TT2234>
<title>
Aug. 28, 1989: Moscow Speaks Softly
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
Aug. 28, 1989 World War II:50th Anniversary
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
WORLD, Page 18
Moscow Speaks Softly
</hdr><body>
<p> Back in 1981, Moscow bristled in near fury at Solidarity.
A "counterrevolution," snapped then Defense Minister Dmitri
Ustinov. "A Trojan horse of imperialism!" cried the official
media. As the trade union's protests roiled Poland, Soviet
troops massed threateningly along the countries' common border.
Finally, when General Wojciech Jaruzelski crushed Solidarity
with martial law, TASS said approvingly, "The authorities are
taking necessary measures to restore tranquillity."
</p>
<p> How times change. Last week, as a member of Solidarity was
about to become Prime Minister, Soviet officials said simply
that it was an "internal" Polish matter. A Moscow television
reporter noted that "it is necessary to form a new government
as quickly as possible," then ticked off a short list of
potential leaders that included Lech Walesa. The reaction was
expected. Visiting Paris in July, Gorbachev had said, "How the
Polish people . . . will decide to structure their society and
lives will be their affair."
</p>
<p> The Soviet inaction appeared to sound the death knell for
a policy that took shape under Leonid Brezhnev. After the
invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, the Soviet Union proclaimed
that socialist countries had the right to invade a fellow
socialist nation whenever the Communist political monopoly was
threatened. The so-called Brezhnev Doctrine justified the tanks
rolling into Prague and, by extension, Nikita Khrushchev's
intervention in Hungary in 1956. But last December, Gorbachev
announced that the "use or threat of force no longer can or must
be an instrument of foreign policy."
</p>
<p> Andranik Migranyan, a Soviet intellectual, last week
explicitly condemned the Brezhnev Doctrine in the reformist
weekly Moscow News. Migranyan noted, however, that "the
(democratic) processes going on in (Poland) may be properly
understood by the Soviet Union only when Soviet foreign policy
interests are not challenged." No one knows how Moscow's
military hard-liners would have reacted had Walesa refused to
leave the Defense and Interior ministries in Communist Party
hands.
</p>
<p> Soviet fears may also have been assuaged in July, when
senior Solidarity leaders invalidated their votes and allowed
Jaruzelski to be installed in the presidency, thus proving that
the trade union was sensitive to geopolitical realities. The
Kremlin may have changed its thinking since 1981, but Solidarity
has changed as well.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>