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<text id=91TT2076>
<title>
Sep. 16, 1991: Frank Capra:1897-1991
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
Sep. 16, 1991 Can This Man Save Our Schools?
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
MILESTONES, Page 77
More Than a Heart Warmer
Frank Capra: 1897-1991
</hdr>
<body>
<p>By Richard Schickel
</p>
<p> Their basic business being the creation of images, not
many movie directors contribute a word to the language, much
less one that becomes one of the medium's reigning critical
cliches. But Frank Capra did. The word, of course, is
Capraesque.
</p>
<p> To most people the term signifies almost any improbable
but distinctly inspirational story in which an idealistic
little guy, though his principles may briefly waver, ultimately
triumphs first over self-doubt, then over the big, expedient
guys determined to exploit him and his class. And to most people
the movie that epitomizes all this is It's a Wonderful Life,
Capra's 1946 fantasy about a man who falls into suicidal despair
because he thinks he has accomplished nothing of value, but is
rescued by a guardian angel who shows him, in a gloriously
realized dream sequence, how miserable the lives of his town,
his friends, his family would have been had he never existed to
touch them with his goodness.
</p>
<p> The history of the picture itself is Capraesque. A flop
on its release, it later fell out of copyright, and TV
stations, looking for what to them was literally cheap Christmas
sentiment, played it and played it until it became a Yuletide
tradition and the one Capra movie everyone knows and loves.
</p>
<p> Which is too bad. For Capra was a moviemaker whose range
and gifts far exceeded any one-word or one-picture definition
of them. The emphasis on the heartwarming content of his films
has obscured the sometimes heart-stopping skill with which he
orchestrated his themes. In fact, it is because his technique
was so sophisticated that he achieved the whopping suspensions
of disbelief many of his stories required.
</p>
<p> Not that there was anything cynical about Capra's belief
in the Capraesque. A Sicilian immigrant who revered America for
the opportunities it offered him and, during his youthful days
as a door-to-door salesman, learned to love the common sense and
common decency of its common people, Capra knew in his bones the
kind of life he would later celebrate. He stumbled into the
movies completely untutored, apprenticed as a gag writer in the
silent comedy studios, and became a director working out of
Columbia Pictures, then a poverty-row outfit desperate enough
for hits to tolerate Capra's iron will, powerful ego and
bustling ambition.
</p>
<p> Honing his craft on tough-minded urban romances, comedies
and social commentaries that are now (regrettably) almost
forgotten, Capra crammed his frame with people who talked and
moved just a little faster, a little more eccentrically than
they did in real life. He achieved his breakthrough (and the
first of his three Oscars) with his 24th film, It Happened One
Night, which incidentally established romantic comedy as the
1930s' most characteristic genre.
</p>
<p> The film's success gave him the clout, and the budgets, to
make his great trilogy of Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936), Mr.
Smith Goes to Washington (1939) and Meet John Doe (1941). These
were little-guy pictures par excellence. But they were also
movies tense with the awareness that the good nature and naivete
of ordinary people leave them vulnerable to political and media
manipulation, a theme Capra was among the first directors to
explore. The movies were also magnificently made, each marked by
wonderfully staged and edited sequences of volatile crowds--the great fascist rally in the rain in Meet John Doe being one
of the truly privileged, truly alarming moments in movie
history.
</p>
<p> It's an irony that in Capra's last years, official,
award-giving America insisted on honoring him as a man of simple
sentiment and that he cheerfully went along with this reduced
version of himself. His nature and achievements were much richer
and more complex than that, and they cry out for history's
healing revisionism.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>