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<text id=90TT2586>
<title>
Oct. 01, 1990: The $70 Billion Sellout
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Oct. 01, 1990 David Lynch
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
NATION, Page 40
The $70 Billion Sellout
</hdr>
<body>
<p>How the big-money boys cleaned up on the thrift rescues
</p>
<p> Talk about adding insult to injury. As if the initial S&L
scandal were not outrageous enough, the government reports
that, thanks to sweetheart deals handed to federally subsidized
fat cats, the bailout program will cost taxpayers tens of
billions more than it might have.
</p>
<p> The worst examples of government ineptitude concern 97
packages hurriedly thrown together in 1988 to shore up
collapsing thrifts, many of them in the Southwest. Last week
the Resolution Trust Corporation (RTC) reported its findings
on how this first wave of bailouts was handled. Among its
conclusions: the transactions were so poorly designed and
generous that they allowed investors to reap billions that could
have been saved had Congress and the Reagan-Bush
Administration been willing to cough up more money up front.
</p>
<p> In 1988 the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation
was desperate. Losses at the federally insured thrifts whose
deposits it guaranteed were running out of control. But neither
Congress nor the Reagan-Bush White House was willing in the
midst of an election to force an up-front resolution. Danny M.
Wall, who oversaw the FSLIC, sought investors from outside the
S&L business to pump new capital into the failures but by
September had made just 35 deals.
</p>
<p> Wall was facing a deadline. On Dec. 31, the enormously
generous tax benefits that could attract new investors would
expire. So he mounted a closeout sale, adding profit guarantees
and other subsidies for all comers. The big-money boys came
running. In just four months, his agency unloaded some 114
shattered thrifts--71 in December alone--at a cost to
taxpayers calculated at nearly $70 billion.
</p>
<p> Among those who took advantage of the year-end sale were
some of the savviest business minds in the country: former
Treasury Secretary William Simon, former Commerce Secretary
Peter Peterson, Revlon chairman Ronald Perelman and financier
Robert Bass. Simon was assisted in his low-cost purchase of a
$1 billion California thrift by Preston Martin, who served as
vice chairman of the Federal Reserve Board from 1982 to 1986.
</p>
<p> The RTC criticized federal officials who built in financial
cushions so generous that they acted as counterincentives to
swift resolutions of the thrifts' problems. While investors
were able to apply their new tax write-offs to other
businesses, for example, some of the deals did not require them
to provide adequate capital to support the faltering
institutions.
</p>
<p> Still, the RTC found that as much as $4 billion can be pared
from the cost of those transactions, mostly by prepaying notes
and taking back bad assets. Trouble is, it will take $18
billion to $20 billion in operating cash to do it. And it may
push 17 of the shakier institutions back into insolvency. As
before, a political unwillingness to face the true magnitude
of bailing out the thrifts, and put up the money for it, means
that the costs will remain obscured--and will probably
continue to rise.
</p>
<p>By Janice Castro. Reported by Gisela Bolte/Washington and
Richard Woodbury/Houston.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>