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TIME: Almanac 1990s
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<text id=90TT2594>
<title>
Oct. 01, 1990: Cancer Shield
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Oct. 01, 1990 David Lynch
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
MEDICINE, Page 79
Cancer Shield
</hdr>
<body>
<p>A way to block malignancies
</p>
<p> Could there be a pill to prevent cancer? Since the 1970s,
experiments with lab animals and studies of cancer rates in
different countries have suggested that certain vitamins or
related compounds could at least lower the risk of getting some
forms of the disease. That evidence has prompted a series of
large trials in humans to see if these substances can throw a
shield around potential cancer victims.
</p>
<p> Last week brought the first modest success story in this new
field of "chemo-prevention." Dr. Waun Ki Hong and colleagues
from the University of Texas in Houston reported evidence that
some cancers can be thwarted by isotretinoin, a man-made
derivative of vitamin A that is sold as an anti-acne medication
under the brand name Accutane. Fifty patients who had been
successfully treated for cancer of the mouth and throat were
given large daily doses of the drug for 12 months. After as
much as three years, only two (4%) of the subjects developed a
new cancer. In contrast, among 50 patients who received a
placebo, 12 (24%) were stricken by a second tumor.
</p>
<p> Doctors point out that isotretinoin is hardly a benign drug.
In addition to causing side effects ranging from dry, scaly
skin to high levels of fat in the bloodstream, the drug is
believed to have triggered hundreds of birth defects when it
was taken by pregnant women during the early 1980s.
</p>
<p> Scientists do not expect to find a single chemical that can
prevent all types of cancer. But they hope to discover a
variety of compounds that could be useful for people who,
because of their heredity or life-style, are known to be highly
susceptible to particular kinds of malignancy. About 20
different cancer-prevention studies are under way around the
world, examining the potential benefits of such compounds as
beta carotene and vitamin A.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>