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<text id=90TT2847>
<title>
Oct. 29, 1990: Getting Bad News Firsthand
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Oct. 29, 1990 Can America Still Compete?
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
PRESS, Page 89
Getting Bad News Firsthand
</hdr>
<body>
<p>An ad slump causes newspapers to trim their editorial sails
</p>
<p> When Thomas Geyer started running the New Haven Register in
1986, the paper's Connecticut marketplace was booming. That
made it possible to increase profits while simultaneously
transforming a lackluster broadsheet into an editorially
aggressive and graphically vibrant winner of awards, including
the New England Newspaper Association's 1988 prize for the best
Sunday paper of its size. But this year, as employment and
house sales slowed, classified notices fell off 25%. The
biggest display advertiser, the Macy's retail chain, cut its
pages 15%. Overall, Register ad linage plummeted 20%.
</p>
<p> In an effort to sustain profit margins, Geyer repeatedly
imposed layoffs and other economies. Last week, however, when
parent company president Robert Jelenic demanded yet another
round of dismissals, Geyer warned that further cuts might
damage the paper's news content and circulation. Employees were
then treated to the unusual spectacle of a chief executive
being sacked for fighting to retain jobs for the rank and file.
Jelenic imposed the cuts himself, reducing the news staff from
a onetime high of 190 to 108.
</p>
<p> Geyer was only the most dramatic victim of a
recession-induced advertising bust that has hit dailies across
the U.S. Although circulation is holding steady, advertisers
are skittish, and they normally account for about 70% of
newspaper revenues. Hardly a major daily has escaped, from the
normally ad-fat Los Angeles Times, where August's classified
linage fell 17% below the same month last year, to the New York
Times, the parent company of which reported last week that
third-quarter profits from continuing operations fell 43.9%,
in large part because of a 10.7% drop in ad linage. Says
executive director Morley L. Piper of the New England Newspaper
Association: "It's an industry-wide slump--the worst in this
region, I think, since the Depression years."
</p>
<p> For readers, any lasting shortfall in advertising leads to
a reduction in news coverage. Most publications maintain a more
or less fixed ratio between advertising pages and editorial
pages, permitting short-term variations but cutting news space
and staff if a slump persists. While few papers have scaled
down as drastically as the Register, which is also burdened
with a reported $200 million in takeover debt, cuts or hiring
freezes have come at papers that were faltering even in better
times, including the Denver Post, Dallas Times-Herald and
Oakland Tribune.
</p>
<p> Healthier papers too are questioning the need for some
expensive coverage. The Washington Post said last week it will
halt a long-standing growth trend in news staff and budget,
scrutinize travel more closely and tighten the news space and
manpower for nine local weekly sections. The Wall Street
Journal announced a budget freeze and limits on news space. Dow
Jones chairman Warren Phillips, who built the Journal into a
globe-spanning enterprise, told the staff in a memo that
"adverse market conditions" would continue, particularly in the
U.S., in 1991. Thus, he said, "it's prudent for us to take
steps now." Days after the memo, Phillips set a July 1, 1991,
date for his already expected retirement.
</p>
<p> Although most newspapers this year will retain about 15% of
their revenues as profit, a margin that many other businesses
would envy, and although the most acute financial problems seem
to be cyclical, many editors and analysts fear that the
industry faces long-term trouble. The biggest problem is a
steady decline in reader interest. In 1946, for every 100 U.S.
households, there were 133 newspapers sold. Today that figure
is halved. Even more worrisome is the sharp decline in reader
interest among the under-30 generation, despite attention
getters ranging from high-tech graphics to more coverage of
rock music.
</p>
<p> The drop in importance to readers has been mirrored among
advertisers. In 1946 newspapers accounted for 35% of all ad
dollars spent; today they reap just 26%. While newspapers still
outsell television in total advertising, TV dominates in
national ads, which come prepackaged and are sold in bulk.
Newspapers rely on local advertising, which is often less
profitable because it must be sold bit by bit and may require
costly involvement in makeup and production. In addition, much
advertising that traditionally appeared on newspaper pages is
now done through preprinted inserts, at lower fees, or has
gone over to direct mail.
</p>
<p> Many newspapers seek to reinvent the format. But they differ
sharply about what tack to take. Some, including the
Philadelphia Inquirer and Dallas Morning News, carry more
national and international coverage, believing readers have had
their horizons broadened by TV. Others, including the Boston
Herald and NewarkStar Ledger, seem to feel their best chance
at survival is to stay resolutely local.
</p>
<p> Dave Burgin, a veteran editor who now runs the Houston Post,
argues that newspapers must concede they are no longer the
means by which people first learn about events. Therefore, he
says, they must become more featurish, with life-style and
entertainment moved up to the front page. The New York Times
has already moved in that direction, playing up pop sociology
and urban angst--and the gray dowager will introduce color
late next year. To compete with broadcasting's
once-over-lightly approach, papers such as the St. Paul
Pioneer-Press and Providence Journal have experimented with
running a highlighted synopsis within some long stories.
</p>
<p> Even alarmists concede that newspapers will persist in some
form for a long time. Says analyst John Morton of the
consultants Lynch Jones & Ryan: "There is still no cheaper or
more economic way to deliver a mass amount of news to a mass
audience." But in a business accustomed to high profit, a
slight slippage can result in cutbacks of coverage. Some
editors predict that newspapers will become repackagers, rather
than originators, of information, dropping costly foreign
bureaus and investigative projects in favor of wire-service
copy. Other editors argue that what makes newspapers marketably
different is depth and detail. One can only hope the believers
in news coverage are right--and that they prevail.
</p>
<p>By William A. Henry III. Reported by Christine Gorman/New York
and William McWhirter/Chicago.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>