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<text id=90TT2854>
<title>
Oct. 29, 1990: Balancing On The Edge Of Despair
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Oct. 29, 1990 Can America Still Compete?
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
BOOKS, Page 102
Balancing on the Edge of Despair
</hdr>
<body>
<p>By R.Z. SHEPPARD
</p>
<qt>
<l>A HOLE IN THE WORLD</l>
<l>by Richard Rhodes</l>
<l>Simon & Schuster; 271 pages; $19.95</l>
</qt>
<p> Freud hoped that his mind science would teach people how to
love and to work. Like most great notions, this one is simple
to express but difficult to realize. Just how difficult is the
subject of Richard Rhodes' account of his deprived childhood
and struggle to escape its consequences. It is a story of
modest dimensions but classic proportions, involving orphans,
a wicked stepmother, lifesaving benefactors and years of
psychoanalysis. It is a story that is painful to read and hard
to put down.
</p>
<p> Rhodes, 53, is an author whose breakthrough book was the
1988 Pulitzer-prizewinning The Making of the Atomic Bomb. The
connection between events leading to Los Alamos and an obscure
domestic tragedy in Kansas City is not readily apparent--except to the author. Each story, writes Rhodes, "focuses on
one or several men of character who confront violence, resist
it or endure it and discover beyond its inhumanity a narrow
margin of hope."
</p>
<p> In other words, Rhodes is drawn to balancing acts at the
edge of despair, above what he calls "a hole in the world." His
was blasted open in 1938 when his mother put a 12-gauge shotgun
in her mouth and pushed the trigger with a slat.
</p>
<p> Rhodes' older brother Stanley discovered the mess. The
author was only 13 months old at the time. His first memory was
of a large stone-and-clapboard house where his father rented
rooms. The homeowners were a nurturing German couple who cared
for the boys while their father worked as a boilermaker's
assistant.
</p>
<p> In 1947 the widower Rhodes married a 48-year-old, thickly
mascaraed Texan with a record of multiple divorces. Aunt Anne,
as she was called, had a talent for intimidation and
exploitation. As her husband stood by ineffectually, she forced
Richard and Stanley to do the heavy housework, forage for
walnuts and sell them door to door. Not allowed to use the
toilet during the night, Richard surreptitiously relieved
himself in jars. Beatings were common, and hunger constant.
While Aunt Anne and her husband ate steak, the boys were fed
rotting hard-boiled eggs.
</p>
<p> When a court order finally released the brothers from
bondage in 1949, Stanley, 13, was 5 ft. 4 in. and weighed 97
lbs. Richard, 12, was an inch under 5 ft. and only 80 lbs. The
pathetic pair were admitted to the Andrew Drumm Institute, a
boy's home on a working farm near Independence, Mo. There
Richard attended high school and learned to grow vegetables and
slaughter chickens for the institute's kitchen. There, too, he
escaped to the pages of books and so impressed his teachers
that they put him on a scholarship road to Yale.
</p>
<p> Remembering the Midwest during World War II and recalling
the routines of farm life, Rhodes again demonstrates his
impressive powers of description. Revealing the abused child
still writhing within, he controls his anger like a man
operating a nuclear reactor. The tension is palpable. The
accomplishment--learning to love and to work by controlling
destructive urges--is inspiring.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>