home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
TIME: Almanac 1990s
/
Time_Almanac_1990s_SoftKey_1994.iso
/
time
/
120489
/
12048900.015
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1994-03-25
|
4KB
|
90 lines
<text id=89TT3169>
<title>
Dec. 04, 1989: America Abroad
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
Dec. 04, 1989 Women Face The '90s
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
BUSINESS, Page 65
America Abroad
Go East, Young Man?
</hdr><body>
<p>By Robert Ball
</p>
<p> We have just seen the most celebrated toppling of a wall
since Joshua took Jericho. More than any other event, it
symbolizes the rebirth of freedom in Eastern Europe. The amazing
political changes in what used to be called the Soviet bloc
raise questions about changes yet to come. Hasn't an economic
barrier also fallen? Don't new opportunities beckon? Shouldn't
Western business pioneers be packing their suitcases?
</p>
<p> The magic words "Marshall Plan" are already being heard. It
worked once, didn't it, on a continent ravaged by war? Since
Eastern Europe's factories and distribution systems are all
intact, if bedraggled, shouldn't a little pump priming bring
forth a gusher of goods?
</p>
<p> Here caution is indicated. Western Europe lay in ruins in
1945, but attitudes and skills had survived. The invisible
destruction in Eastern Europe is worse than the visible
devastation wrought by war. Managerial talents have been
blighted by a half-century under an economic system that
practiced pick-a-number pricing, taught enterprises to hoard
inventory and rewarded them for producing a million left shoes.
As Mikhail Gorbachev is discovering, it is much easier to learn
to use political freedoms than to revive a moribund command
economy. Casting secret ballots, speaking up in public, banding
together to advance common interests: all these come fairly
naturally. Instilling entrepreneurial spirit and managerial
efficiency on any level higher than selling lemonade at
curbside is a lot harder. Eastern Europe is littered with the
wreckage of previous attempts at economic reform.
</p>
<p> Granted, perestroika is crucially different in that it goes
hand in hand with profound political change. Maybe the plane's
engines can really be repaired in mid-flight, as the
unreassuring metaphor has it. But it will be an arduous process,
requiring much more than injections of cash.
</p>
<p> One of Eastern Europe's main problems is concealed
inflation: too much money chasing too few goods. West Germany's
remarkable postwar recovery was based on a brutal currency
reform that in 1948, under Allied military government, destroyed
all savings and, by restoring the scarcity value of money, ended
the barter economy. Eastern Europe suffers from another economic
distortion: the incestuous trade patterns that are a legacy of
the Stalinist years. Trade under Comecon, the Council for Mutual
Economic Assistance, was based on a curious reverse
mercantilism: the imperial country (the Soviet Union) supplied
energy and raw materials that the colonies (the satellites) paid
for in manufactured goods. Since the Soviet Union was
chronically short of almost everything, it was an undemanding
market, providing no incentive for East Europeans to develop
products for sophisticated customers. These bad habits will not
be shed overnight.
</p>
<p> All this means that it is much more of a challenge to
Western entrepreneurs to be there on the ground as participants
in perestroika than to stand outside and sell things to the
East. What advice should be given to the intrepid? Efforts must
play to Eastern Europe's limited strengths. There is nothing
necessarily wrong with the region's engineering and craft
skills; it's the managerial savvy that is lacking. Joint
ventures sound attractive, but their history provides many
caveats. Licensing agreements may be the best bet, if they don't
require the import of components that have to be paid for in
scarce hard currency. In any case, those aspiring to become the
Armand Hammers of this generation may recall that after five
years, in 1930, Hammer sold his pencil factory in Moscow and got
out.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>