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<text id=93CT0409>
<title>
Egypt--Government
</title>
<article><source>CIA Factbook</source><hdr>The World Factbook 1993: Egypt
Government</hdr><body>
<list>
<l>Names:</l>
<l> conventional long form: Arab Republic of Egypt</l>
<l> conventional short form: Egypt</l>
<l> local long form: Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah</l>
<l> local short form: none</l>
<l> former: United Arab Republic (with Syria)</l>
</list>
<p>Digraph: EG
</p>
<p>Type: republic
</p>
<p>Capital: Cairo
</p>
<p>Administrative divisions: 26 governorates (muhafazat, singular
- muhafazah); Ad Daqahliyah, Al Bahr al Ahmar, Al Buhayrah, Al
Fayyum, Al Gharbiyah, Al Iskandariyah, Al Isma'iliyah, Al Jizah,
Al Minufiyah, Al Minya, Al Qahirah, Al Qalyubiyah, Al Wadi al
Jadid, Ash Sharqiyah, As Suways, Aswan, Asyu't, Bani Suwayf, Bur
Sa'id, Dumyat, Janub Sina, Kafr ash Shaykh, Matruh, Qina, Shamal
Sina, Suhaj
</p>
<p>Independence: 28 February 1922 (from UK)
</p>
<p>Constitution: 11 September 1971
</p>
<p>Legal system: based on English common law, Islamic law, and
Napoleonic codes; judicial review by Supreme Court and Council
of State (oversees validity of administrative decisions);
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
</p>
<p>National holiday: Anniversary of the Revolution, 23 July
(1952)
</p>
<p>Political parties and leaders: National Democratic Party
(NDP), President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK, leader, is the dominant
party; legal opposition parties are Socialist Liberal Party
(SLP), Kamal MURAD; Socialist Labor Party, Ibrahim SHUKRI;
National Progressive Unionist Grouping (NPUG), Khalid
MUHYI-AL-DIN; Umma Party, Ahmad al-SABAHI; New Wafd Party (NWP),
Fu'ad SIRAJ AL-DIN; Misr al-Fatah Party (Young Egypt Party), Ali
al-Din SALIH; The Greens Party, Hasan RAJABD; Nasserist Arab
Democratic Party, Muhammad Rif'at al-MUHAMI; Democratic Unionist
Party, Mohammed 'Abd-al-Mun'im TURK; Democratic Peoples' Party,
Anwar AFISI
</p>
<p>note: formation of political parties must be approved by
government
</p>
<p>Other political or pressure groups: Islamic groups are
illegal, but the largest one, the Muslim Brotherhood, is
tolerated by the government; trade unions and professional
associations are officially sanctioned
</p>
<p>Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
</p>
<p>Elections:
</p>
<p> Advisory Council: last held 8 June 1989 (next to be held
June 1995); results - NDP 100%; seats - (258 total, 172 elected)
NDP 172
</p>
<p> People's Assembly: last held 29 November 1990 (next to be
held November 1995); results - NDP 78.4%, NPUG 1.4%,
independents 18.7%; seats - (437 total, 444 elected) NDP 348,
NPUG 6, independents 83; note - most opposition parties
boycotted
</p>
<p> President: last held 5 October 1987 (next to be held October
1993); results - President Hosni MUBARAK was reelected
</p>
<p>Executive branch: president, prime minister, Cabinet
</p>
<p>Legislative branch: unicameral People's Assembly (Majlis
al-Cha'b); note - there is an Advisory Council (Majlis al-Shura)
that functions in a consultative role
</p>
<p>Judicial branch: Supreme Constitutional Court
</p>
<p>Leaders:
</p>
<p> Chief of State: President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (was made
acting President on 6 October 1981 upon the assassination of
President SADAT and sworn in as president on 14 October 1981)
</p>
<p> Head of Government: Prime Minister Atef Mohammed Najib SEDKY
(since 12 November 1986)
</p>
<p>Member of: ABEDA, ACC, ACCT (associate), AfDB, AFESD, AG
(observer), AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, EBRD, ECA, ESCWA, FAO, G-15,
G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, IDA, IDB, IFAD,
IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO,
ITU, LORCS, MINURSO, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OAU, OIC, PCA,
UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMOZ, UNOSOM, UNPROFOR,
UPU, UNRWA, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
</p>
<list>
<l>Diplomatic representation in US:</l>
<l> chief of mission: Ambassador Ahmed MAHER El Sayed</l>
<l> chancery: 2310 Decatur Place NW, Washington, DC 20008</l>
<l> telephone: (202) 232-5400</l>
<l> consulates general: Chicago, Houston, New York, and San
Francisco</l>
</list>
<list>
<l>US diplomatic representation:</l>
<l> chief of mission: Ambassador Robert PELLETREAU</l>
<l> embassy: Lazougi Street, Garden City, Cairo</l>
<l> mailing address: APO AE 09839</l>
<l> telephone: [20] (2) 355-7371</l>
<l> FAX: [20] (2) 355-7375</l>
<l> consulate general: Alexandria</l>
</list>
<p>Flag: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and
black with the national emblem (a shield superimposed on a
golden eagle facing the hoist side above a scroll bearing the
name of the country in Arabic) centered in the white band;
similar to the flag of Yemen, which has a plain white band; also
similar to the flag of Syria that has two green stars and to the
flag of Iraq, which has three green stars (plus an Arabic
inscription) in a horizontal line centered in the white band
</p></body></article></text>