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- <text id=93CT0665>
- <title>
- Iran--Economy
- </title>
- <article><source>CIA Factbook</source><hdr>The World Factbook 1993: Iran
- Economy</hdr><body>
- <p>Overview: Iran's economy is a mixture of central planning, state
- ownership of oil and other large enterprises, village agriculture,
- and small-scale private trading and service ventures. After a decade
- of economic decline, Iran's real GDP grew by 10% in FY90 and 6% in
- FY91, according to Iranian Government statistics. An oil windfall in
- 1990 combined with a substantial increase in imports contributed to
- Iran's recent economic growth. Iran has also begun implementing a
- number of economic reforms to reduce government intervention
- (including subsidies) and has allocated substantial resources to
- development projects in the hope of stimulating the economy. Lower
- oil revenues in 1991 - oil accounts for more than 90% of export
- revenues - together with a surge in imports greatly weakened Iran's
- international financial position. By mid-1992 Iran was unable to meet
- its obligations to foreign creditors. Subsequently the government
- has tried to boost oil exports, curb imports (especially of consumer
- goods), and renegotiate terms of its foreign debts.
- </p>
- <p>National product: GNP - exchange rate conversion - $90 billion
- (FY92)
- </p>
- <p>National product real growth rate: 6% (FY91)
- </p>
- <p>National product per capita: $1,500 (FY91)
- </p>
- <p>Inflation rate (consumer prices): 23.7% (September 1991-September
- 1992)
- </p>
- <p>Unemployment rate: 30% (1991 est.)
- </p>
- <p>Budget: revenues $63 billion; expenditures $80 billion, including
- capital expenditures of $23 billion (FY90 est.)
- </p>
- <list>
- <l>Exports: $17.2 billion (f.o.b., FY91 est.)</l>
- <l> commodities: petroleum 90%, carpets, fruits, nuts,
- hides</l>
- <l> partners: Japan, Italy, France, Netherlands,
- Belgium/Luxembourg, Spain, and Germany</l>
- <l>Imports: $21.0 billion (c.i.f., FY91 est.)</l>
- <l> commodities: machinery, military supplies, metal works,
- foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, technical services, refined oil
- products</l>
- <l> partners: Germany, Japan, Italy, UK, France</l>
- </list>
- <p>External debt: $17 billion (FY91 est.)
- </p>
- <p>Industrial production: growth rate 12% (1990 est.); accounts for
- almost 30% of GDP, including petroleum
- </p>
- <p>Electricity: 15,649,000 kW capacity; 43,600 million kWh produced,
- 710 kWh per capita (1992)
- </p>
- <p>Industries: petroleum, petrochemicals, textiles, cement and other
- building materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and
- vegetable oil production), metal fabricating
- </p>
- <p>Agriculture: accounts for about 20% of GDP; principal products -
- wheat, rice, other grains, sugar beets, fruits, nuts, cotton, dairy
- products, wool, caviar; not self-sufficient in food
- </p>
- <p>Illicit drugs: illicit producer of opium poppy for the domestic and
- international drug trade; transshipment point for Southwest Asian
- heroin to Europe
- </p>
- <p>Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-80), $1.0
- billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral
- commitments (1970-89), $1.675 billion; Communist countries (1970-89),
- $976 million; note - aid fell sharply following the 1979 revolution
- </p>
- <p>Currency: 1 Iranian rial (IR)=10 tomans
- </p>
- <p>Exchange rates: Iranian rials (IR) per US$1 - 67.095 (January
- 1993), 65.552 (1992), 67.505 (1991), 68.096 (1990), 72.015 (1989),
- 68.683 (1988); black-market rate 1,400 (January 1991); note - in
- March 1993 the Iranian government announced a new single-parity
- exchange rate system with a new official rate of 1,538 rials per
- dollar
- </p>
- <p>Fiscal year: 21 March-20 March
- </p></body></article></text>
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