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<text id=93CT0665>
<title>
Iran--Economy
</title>
<article><source>CIA Factbook</source><hdr>The World Factbook 1993: Iran
Economy</hdr><body>
<p>Overview: Iran's economy is a mixture of central planning, state
ownership of oil and other large enterprises, village agriculture,
and small-scale private trading and service ventures. After a decade
of economic decline, Iran's real GDP grew by 10% in FY90 and 6% in
FY91, according to Iranian Government statistics. An oil windfall in
1990 combined with a substantial increase in imports contributed to
Iran's recent economic growth. Iran has also begun implementing a
number of economic reforms to reduce government intervention
(including subsidies) and has allocated substantial resources to
development projects in the hope of stimulating the economy. Lower
oil revenues in 1991 - oil accounts for more than 90% of export
revenues - together with a surge in imports greatly weakened Iran's
international financial position. By mid-1992 Iran was unable to meet
its obligations to foreign creditors. Subsequently the government
has tried to boost oil exports, curb imports (especially of consumer
goods), and renegotiate terms of its foreign debts.
</p>
<p>National product: GNP - exchange rate conversion - $90 billion
(FY92)
</p>
<p>National product real growth rate: 6% (FY91)
</p>
<p>National product per capita: $1,500 (FY91)
</p>
<p>Inflation rate (consumer prices): 23.7% (September 1991-September
1992)
</p>
<p>Unemployment rate: 30% (1991 est.)
</p>
<p>Budget: revenues $63 billion; expenditures $80 billion, including
capital expenditures of $23 billion (FY90 est.)
</p>
<list>
<l>Exports: $17.2 billion (f.o.b., FY91 est.)</l>
<l> commodities: petroleum 90%, carpets, fruits, nuts,
hides</l>
<l> partners: Japan, Italy, France, Netherlands,
Belgium/Luxembourg, Spain, and Germany</l>
<l>Imports: $21.0 billion (c.i.f., FY91 est.)</l>
<l> commodities: machinery, military supplies, metal works,
foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, technical services, refined oil
products</l>
<l> partners: Germany, Japan, Italy, UK, France</l>
</list>
<p>External debt: $17 billion (FY91 est.)
</p>
<p>Industrial production: growth rate 12% (1990 est.); accounts for
almost 30% of GDP, including petroleum
</p>
<p>Electricity: 15,649,000 kW capacity; 43,600 million kWh produced,
710 kWh per capita (1992)
</p>
<p>Industries: petroleum, petrochemicals, textiles, cement and other
building materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and
vegetable oil production), metal fabricating
</p>
<p>Agriculture: accounts for about 20% of GDP; principal products -
wheat, rice, other grains, sugar beets, fruits, nuts, cotton, dairy
products, wool, caviar; not self-sufficient in food
</p>
<p>Illicit drugs: illicit producer of opium poppy for the domestic and
international drug trade; transshipment point for Southwest Asian
heroin to Europe
</p>
<p>Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-80), $1.0
billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral
commitments (1970-89), $1.675 billion; Communist countries (1970-89),
$976 million; note - aid fell sharply following the 1979 revolution
</p>
<p>Currency: 1 Iranian rial (IR)=10 tomans
</p>
<p>Exchange rates: Iranian rials (IR) per US$1 - 67.095 (January
1993), 65.552 (1992), 67.505 (1991), 68.096 (1990), 72.015 (1989),
68.683 (1988); black-market rate 1,400 (January 1991); note - in
March 1993 the Iranian government announced a new single-parity
exchange rate system with a new official rate of 1,538 rials per
dollar
</p>
<p>Fiscal year: 21 March-20 March
</p></body></article></text>