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<text id=93CT0668>
<title>
Iraq--Geography
</title>
<article><source>CIA Factbook</source><hdr>The World Factbook 1993: Iraq
Geography</hdr><body>
<p>Location: Middle East, between Iran and Saudi Arabia
</p>
<list>
<l>Area:</l>
<l> total area: 437,072 km2</l>
<l> land area: 432,162 km2</l>
<l> comparative area: slightly more than twice the size of
Idaho</l>
</list>
<p>Land boundaries: total 3,631 km, Iran 1,458 km, Jordan 181 km,
Kuwait 242 km, Saudi Arabia 814 km, Syria 605 km, Turkey 331 km
</p>
<p>Coastline: 58 km
</p>
<list>
<l>Maritime claims:</l>
<l> continental shelf: not specified</l>
<l> territorial sea: 12 nm</l>
</list>
<p>International disputes: Iran and Iraq restored diplomatic relations
in 1990 but are still trying to work out written agreements settling
outstanding disputes from their eight-year war concerning border
demarcation, prisoners-of-war, and freedom of navigation and
sovereignty over the Shatt al Arab waterway; in April 1991 official
Iraqi acceptance of UN Security Council Resolution 687, which demands
that Iraq accept the inviolability of the boundary set forth in its
1963 agreement with Kuwait, ending earlier claims to Bubiyan and
Warbah Islands or to all of Kuwait; the 20 May 1993 final report of
the UN Iraq/Kuwait Boundary Demarcation Commission was welcomed by
the Security Council in Resolution 833 of 27 May 1993, which also
reaffirmed that the decisions of the commission on the boundary were
final, bringing to a completion the official demarcation of the
Iraq-Kuwait boundary; Iraqi officials still make public statements
claiming Kuwait; periodic disputes with upstream riparian Syria over
Euphrates water rights; potential dispute over water development
plans by Turkey for the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
</p>
<p>Climate: mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot,
cloudless summers; northernmost regions along Iranian and Turkish
borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows
</p>
<p>Terrain: mostly broad plains; reedy marshes in southeast; mountains
along borders with Iran and Turkey
</p>
<p>Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur
</p>
<list>
<l>Land use:</l>
<l> arable land: 12%</l>
<l> permanent crops: 1%</l>
<l> meadows and pastures: 9%</l>
<l> forest and woodland: 3%</l>
<l> other: 75%</l>
</list>
<p>Irrigated land: 25,500 km2 (1989 est)
</p>
<p>Environment: development of Tigris-Euphrates Rivers system
contingent upon agreements with upstream riparians (Syria, Turkey);
air and water pollution; soil degradation (salinization) and erosion;
desertification
</p></body></article></text>