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<text id=93CT1125>
<title>
Peru--Economy
</title>
<article><source>CIA Factbook</source><hdr>The World Factbook 1993: Peru
Economy</hdr><body>
<p>Overview: The Peruvian economy is becoming increasingly market
oriented, with a large dose of government ownership remaining in
mining, energy, and banking. In the 1980s the economy suffered
from hyperinflation, declining per capita output, and mounting
external debt. Peru was shut off from IMF and World Bank support
in the mid-1980s because of its huge debt arrears. An austerity
program implemented shortly after the FUJIMORI government took
office in July 1990 contributed to a third consecutive yearly
contraction of economic activity, but the slide halted late that
year, and output rose 2.4% in 1991. After a burst of inflation
as the austerity program eliminated government price subsidies,
monthly price increases eased to the single-digit level and by
December 1991 dropped to the lowest increase since mid-1987.
Lima obtained a financial rescue package from multilateral
lenders in September 1991, although it faced $14 billion in
arrears on its external debt. By working with the IMF and World
Bank on new financial conditions and arrangements, the
government succeeded in ending its arrears by March 1993. In
1992, GDP fell by 2.8%, in part because a warmer-than-usual El
Nino current resulted in a 30% drop in the fish catch.
Meanwhile, revival of growth in GDP continued to be restricted
by the large amount of public and private resources being
devoted to strengthening internal security.
</p>
<p>National product: GDP - exchange rate conversion - $25 billion
(1992 est.)
</p>
<p>National product real growth rate: -2.8% (1992 est.)
</p>
<p>National product per capita: $1,100 (1992 est.)
</p>
<p>Inflation rate (consumer prices): 56.7% (1992)
</p>
<p>Unemployment rate: 15% (1992 est.); underemployment 70% (1992
est.)
</p>
<p>Budget: revenues $2.0 billion; expenditures $2.7 billion,
including capital expenditures of $300 million (1992 est.)
</p>
<list>
<l>Exports: $3.5 billion (f.o.b., 1992)</l>
<l> commodities: copper, fishmeal, zinc, crude petroleum and
byproducts, lead, refined silver, coffee, cotton</l>
<l> partners: EC 28%, US 22%, Japan 13%, Latin America 12%,
former USSR 2% (1991)</l>
<l>Imports: $4.1 billion (f.o.b., 1992)</l>
<l> commodities: foodstuffs, machinery, transport equipment,
iron and steel semimanufactures, chemicals, pharmaceuticals</l>
<l> partners: US 32%, Latin America 22%, EC 17%, Switzerland 6%,
Japan 3% (1991)</l>
</list>
<p>External debt: $21 billion (December 1992 est.)
</p>
<p>Industrial production: growth rate -5% (1992 est.); accounts
for almost 24% of GDP
</p>
<p>Electricity: 5,042,000 kW capacity; 17,434 million kWh
produced, 760 kWh per capita (1992)
</p>
<p>Industries: mining of metals, petroleum, fishing, textiles,
clothing, food processing, cement, auto assembly, steel,
shipbuilding, metal fabrication
</p>
<p>Agriculture: accounts for 10% of GDP, about 35% of labor
force; commercial crops - coffee, cotton, sugarcane; other crops
- rice, wheat, potatoes, plantains, coca; animal products -
poultry, red meats, dairy, wool; not self-sufficient in grain or
vegetable oil; fish catch of 6.9 million metric tons (1990)
</p>
<p>Illicit drugs: world's largest coca leaf producer with about
121,000 hectares under cultivation; source of supply for most of
the world's coca paste and cocaine base; at least 85% of coca
cultivation is for illicit production; most of cocaine base is
shipped to Colombian drug dealers for processing into cocaine
for the international drug market
</p>
<p>Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.7
billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral
commitments (1970-89), $4.3 billion; Communist countries
(1970-89), $577 million
</p>
<p>Currency: 1 nuevo sol (S/.)=100 centavos
</p>
<p>Exchange rates: nuevo sol (S/. per US$1 - 1.690 (January
1993), 1.245 (1992), 0.772 (1991), 0.187 (1990), 2.666 (1989),
0.129 (1988)
</p>
<p>Fiscal year: calendar year
</p></body></article></text>