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<text id=93CT1142>
<title>
Poland--Government
</title>
<article><source>CIA Factbook</source><hdr>The World Factbook 1993: Poland
Government</hdr><body>
<list>
<l>Names:</l>
<l> conventional long form: Republic of Poland</l>
<l> conventional short form: Poland</l>
<l> local long form: Rzeczpospolita Polska</l>
<l> local short form: Polska</l>
</list>
<p>Digraph: PL
</p>
<p>Type: democratic state
</p>
<p>Capital: Warsaw
</p>
<p>Administrative divisions: 49 provinces (wojewodztwa, singular
- wojewodztwo); Biala Podlaska, Bialystok, Bielsko Biala,
Bydgoszcz, Chelm, Ciechanow, Czestochowa, Elblag, Gdansk,
Gorzow, Jelenia Gora, Kalisz, Katowice, Kielce, Konin, Koszalin,
Krakow, Krosno, Legnica, Leszno, Lodz, Lomza, Lublin, Nowy Sacz,
Olsztyn, Opole, Ostroleka, Pila, Piotrkow, Plock, Poznan,
Przemysl, Radom, Rzeszow, Siedlce, Sieradz, Skierniewice,
Slupsk, Suwalki, Szczecin, Tarnobrzeg, Tarnow, Torun, Walbrzych,
Warszawa, Wloclawek, Wroclaw, Zamosc, Zielona Gora
</p>
<p>Independence: 11 November 1918 (independent republic
proclaimed)
</p>
<p>Constitution: interim "small constitution" came into effect in
December 1992 replacing the Communist-imposed Constitution of 22
July 1952; new democratic Constitution being drafted
</p>
<p>Legal system: mixture of Continental (Napoleonic) civil law
and holdover Communist legal theory; changes being gradually
introduced as part of broader democratization process; limited
judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction
</p>
<p>National holiday: Constitution Day, 3 May (1791)
</p>
<p>Political parties and leaders:
</p>
<p> post-Solidarity parties: Democratic Union (UD), Tadeusz
MAZOWIECKI; Christian-National Union (ZCHN), Wieslaw
CHRZANOWSKI; Centrum (PC), Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI;
Liberal-Democratic Congress, Donald TUSK; Peasant Alliance (PL),
Gabriel JANOWSKI; Solidarity Trade Union (NSZZ), Marian
KRZAKLEWSKI; Union of Labor (UP), Ryszard BUGAJ;
Christian-Democratic Party (PCHD), Pawel LACZKOWSKI; Conservative
Party, Alexander HALL
</p>
<p> non-Communist, non-Solidarity: Confederation for an
Independent Poland (KPN), Leszek MOCZULSKI; Polish Economic
Program (PPG), Janusz REWINSKI; Christian Democrats (CHD),
Andrzej OWSINSKI; German Minority (MN), Henryk KROL; Union of
Real Politics (UPR), Janusz KORWIN-MIKKE; Democratic Party (SD),
Antoni MACKIEWICZ; Party X, Stanislaw Tyminski
</p>
<p> Communist origin or linked: Social Democracy (SDRP, party of
Poland), Wlodzimierz Cimoszewicz; Polish Peasants' Party (PSL),
Waldemar PAWLAK
</p>
<p>Other political or pressure groups: powerful Roman Catholic
Church; Solidarity (trade union); All Poland Trade Union
Alliance (OPZZ), populist program
</p>
<p>Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
</p>
<p>Elections:
</p>
<p> president: first round held 25 November 1990, second round
held 9 December 1990 (next to be held NA November 1995); results
- second round Lech WALESA 74.7%, Stanislaw TYMINSKI 25.3%
</p>
<p> Senat: last held 27 October 1991 (next to be held no later
than NA October 1995); seats - (100 total)
</p>
<p> post-Solidarity bloc: UD 21, NSZZ 11, ZCHN 9, PC 9,
Liberal-Democratic Congress 6, PL 7, PCHD 3, other local
candidates 11;
</p>
<p> non-Communist, non-Solidarity: KPN 4, CHD 1, MN 1, local
candidates 5
</p>
<p> Communist origin or linked: PSL 8, SLD 4
</p>
<p> Sejm: last held 27 October 1991 (next to be held no later
than NA October 1995); seats - (460 total)
</p>
<p> post-Solidarity bloc: UD 62, ZCHN 49, PC 44,
Liberal-Democratic Congress 37, PL 28, NSZZ 27, SP 4, PCHD 4,
RDS 1, Krackow Coalition in Solidarity with the President 1,
Piast Agreement 1, Bydgoszcz Peasant List 1, Solidarity 80 1
</p>
<p> non-Communist, non-Solidarity: KPN 46, PPPP 16, MN 7, CHD 5,
Western Union 4, UPR 3, Autonomous Silesia 2, SD 1, Orthodox
Election Committee 1, Committee of Women Against Hardships 1,
Podhale Union 1, Wielkopolska Group 1, Wielkopolska and Lubuski
Inhabitants 1, Party X 3
</p>
<p> Communist origin or linked: SLD 60, PSL 48
</p>
<p>Executive branch: president, prime minister, Council of
Ministers (cabinet)
</p>
<p>Legislative branch: bicameral National Assembly (Zgromadzenie
Narodowe) consists of an upper house or Senate (Senat) and a
lower house or Diet (Sejm)
</p>
<p>Judicial branch: Supreme Court
</p>
<p>Leaders:
</p>
<p> Chief of State: President Lech WALESA (since 22 December
1990)
</p>
<p> Head of Government: Prime Minister Hanna SUCHOCKA (since 10
July 1992)
</p>
<p>Member of: BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CEI, CERN, CSCE, EBRD, ECE,
FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO,
INMARSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LORCS,
MINURSO, NACC, NAM (guest), NSG, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNDOF,
UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNPROFOR, UNTAC, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO,
WMO, WTO, ZC
</p>
<list>
<l>Diplomatic representation in US:</l>
<l> chief of mission: Ambassador Kazimierz DZIEWANOWSKI</l>
<l> chancery: 2640 16th Street NW, Washington DC 20009</l>
<l> telephone: (202) 234-3800 through 3802</l>
<l> FAX: (202) 328-6271</l>
<l> consulates general: Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York</l>
</list>
<list>
<l>US diplomatic representation:</l>
<l> chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas W. SIMONS, Jr.</l>
<l> embassy: Aleje Ujazdowskie 29/31, Warsaw</l>
<l> mailing address: American Embassy Warsaw, Box 5010, Unit
25402, or APO AE 09213-5010</l>
<l> telephone: [48] (2) 628-3041</l>
<l> FAX: [48] (2) 628-8298</l>
<l> consulates general: Krakow, Poznan</l>
</list>
<p>Flag: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red;
similar to the flags of Indonesia and Monaco which are red (top)
and white
</p></body></article></text>