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<text id=93CT1298>
<title>
Sudan--Economy
</title>
<article><source>CIA Factbook</source><hdr>The World Factbook 1993: Sudan
Economy</hdr><body>
<p>Overview: Sudan is buffeted by civil war, chronic political
instability, adverse weather, high inflation, a drop in
remittances from abroad, and counterproductive economic
policies. The economy is dominated by governmental entities that
account for more than 70% of new investment. The private
sector's main areas of activity are agriculture and trading,
with most private industrial investment predating 1980. The
economy's base is agriculture, which employs 80% of the work
force. Industry mainly processes agricultural items. Sluggish
economic performance over the past decade, attributable largely
to declining annual rainfall, has reduced levels of per capita
income and consumption. A large foreign debt and huge arrearages
continue to cause difficulties. In 1990 the International
Monetary Fund took the unusual step of declaring Sudan
noncooperative because of its nonpayment of arrearages to the
Fund. Despite subsequent government efforts to implement reforms
urged by the IMF and the World Bank, the economy remained
stagnant in FY91 as entrepreneurs lack the incentive to take
economic risks. Growth in 1992 was featured by the recovery of
agricultural production in northern Sudan after two years of
drought.
</p>
<p>National product: GDP - exchange rate conversion - $5.2
billion (FY92 est.)
</p>
<p>National product real growth rate: 9% (FY92 est.)
</p>
<p>National product per capita: $184 (FY92 est.)
</p>
<p>Inflation rate (consumer prices): 150% (FY92 est.)
</p>
<p>Unemployment rate: 30% (FY92 est.)
</p>
<p>Budget: revenues $1.3 billion; expenditures $2.1 billion,
including capital expenditures of $505 million (FY91 est.)
</p>
<list>
<l>Exports: $315 million (f.o.b., FY92 est.)</l>
<l> commodities: cotton 52%, sesame, gum arabic, peanuts</l>
<l> partners: Western Europe 46%, Saudi Arabia 14%, Eastern
Europe 9%, Japan 9%, US 3% (FY88)</l>
<l>Imports: $1.3 billion (c.i.f., FY92 est.)</l>
<l> commodities: foodstuffs, petroleum products, manufactured
goods, machinery and equipment, medicines and chemicals,
textiles</l>
<l> partners: Western Europe 32%, Africa and Asia 15%, US 13%,
Eastern Europe 3% (FY88)</l>
</list>
<p>External debt: $15 billion (June 1992 est.)
</p>
<p>Industrial production: growth rate 4.8%; accounts for 11% of
GDP (FY92)
</p>
<p>Electricity: 610,000 kW capacity; 905 million kWh produced, 40
kWh per capita (1991)
</p>
<p>Industries: cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils,
sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining
</p>
<p>Agriculture: accounts for 35% of GDP and 80% of labor force;
water shortages; two-thirds of land area suitable for raising
crops and livestock; major products - cotton, oilseeds, sorghum,
millet, wheat, gum arabic, sheep; marginally self-sufficient in
most foods
</p>
<p>Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.5
billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral
commitments (1970-89), $5.1 billion; OPEC bilateral aid
(1979-89), $3.1 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $588
million
</p>
<p>Currency: 1 Sudanese pound (#Sd)=100 piasters
</p>
<p>Exchange rates: official rate - Sudanese pounds (#Sd) per US$1
- 124 (January 1993), 90.1 (March 1992), 5.4288 (1991), 4.5004
(fixed rate since 1987), 2.8121 (1987); note - free market rate
155 (January 1993)
</p>
<p>Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June
</p></body></article></text>