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<text id=93CT1322>
<title>
Sweden--Economy
</title>
<article><source>CIA Factbook</source><hdr>The World Factbook 1993: Sweden
Economy</hdr><body>
<p>Overview: Aided by a long period of peace and neutrality
during World War I through World War II, Sweden has achieved an
enviable standard of living under a mixed system of high-tech
capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. It has a modern
distribution system, excellent internal and external
communications, and a skilled labor force. Timber, hydropower,
and iron ore constitute the resource base of an economy that is
heavily oriented toward foreign trade. Privately owned firms
account for about 90% of industrial output, of which the
engineering sector accounts for 50% of output and exports. In
the last few years, however, this extraordinarily favorable
picture has been clouded by inflation, growing unemployment, and
a gradual loss of competitiveness in international markets.
Although Prime Minister BILDT'S center-right minority coalition
had hoped to charge ahead with free-market-oriented reforms, a
skyrocketing budget deficit - almost 13% of GDP in FY94
projections - and record unemployment have forestalled many of
the plans. Unemployment in 1993 is forecast at around 7% with
another 5% in job training. Continued heavy foreign exchange
speculation forced the government to cooperate in late 1992 with
the opposition Social Democrats on two crisis packages - one a
severe austerity pact and the other a program to spur industrial
competitiveness - which basically set economic policy through
1997. In November 1992, Sweden broke its tie to the EC's ECU,
and the krona has since depreciated around 2.5% against the
dollar. The government hopes the boost in export competitiveness
from the depreciation will help lift Sweden out of its 3-year
recession. To curb the budget deficit and bolster confidence in
the economy, BILDT continues to propose cuts in welfare
benefits, subsidies, defense, and foreign aid. Sweden continues
to harmonize its economic policies with those of the EC in
preparation for concluding its EC membership bid by 1995.
</p>
<p>National product: GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $145.6
billion (1992)
</p>
<p>National product real growth rate: -1.7% (1992)
</p>
<p>National product per capita: $16,900 (1992)
</p>
<p>Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.3% (1992)
</p>
<p>Unemployment rate: 5.3% (1992)
</p>
<p>Budget: revenues $70.4 billion; expenditures $82.5 billion,
including capital expenditures of $NA (FY92)
</p>
<list>
<l>Exports: $56 billion (f.o.b., 1992)</l>
<l> commodities: machinery, motor vehicles, paper products, pulp
and wood, iron and steel products, chemicals, petroleum and
petroleum products</l>
<l> partners: EC 55.8% (Germany 15%, UK 9.7%, Denmark 7.2%,
France 5.8%), EFTA 17.4% (Norway 8.4%, Finland 5.1%), US 8.2%,
Central and Eastern Europe 2.5% (1992)</l>
<l>Imports: $51.7 billion (c.i.f., 1992)</l>
<l> commodities: machinery, petroleum and petroleum products,
chemicals, motor vehicles, foodstuffs, iron and steel,
clothing</l>
<l> partners: EC 53.6% (Germany 17.9%, UK 6.3%, Denmark 7.5%,
France 4.9%), EFTA (Norway 6.6%, Finland 6%), US 8.4%, Central
and Eastern Europe 3% (1992)</l>
</list>
<p>External debt: $19.5 billion (1992 est.)
</p>
<p>Industrial production: growth rate -3.0% (1992)
</p>
<p>Electricity: 39,716,000 kW capacity; 142,500 million kWh
produced, 16,560 kWh per capita (1992)
</p>
<p>Industries: iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings,
radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper
products, processed foods, motor vehicles
</p>
<p>Agriculture: animal husbandry predominates, with milk and
dairy products accounting for 37% of farm income; main crops -
grains, sugar beets, potatoes; 100% self-sufficient in grains
and potatoes; Sweden is about 50% self-sufficient in most
products; farming accounted for 1.2% of GDP and 1.9% of jobs in
1990
</p>
<p>Illicit drugs: increasingly used as transshipment point for
Latin American cocaine to Europe and gateway for Asian heroin
shipped via the CIS and Baltic states for the European market
</p>
<p>Economic aid: donor - ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $10.3
billion
</p>
<p>Currency: 1 Swedish krona (SKr)=100 ore
</p>
<p>Exchange rates: Swedish kronor (SKr) per US$1 - 6.8812
(December 1992), 5.8238 (1992), 6.0475 (1991) 5.9188 (1990),
6.4469 (1989), 6.1272 (1988)
</p>
<p>Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June
</p></body></article></text>