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<text id=93CT1334>
<title>
Syria--Economy
</title>
<article><source>CIA Factbook</source><hdr>The World Factbook 1993: Syria
Economy</hdr><body>
<p>Overview: Syria's state-dominated Ba'thist economy has
benefited from the Gulf war, increased oil production, good
weather, and economic deregulation. Economic growth averaged
nearly 12% annually in 1990-91, buoyed by increased oil
production and improved agricultural performance. The Gulf war of
early 1991 provided Syria an aid windfall of nearly $5 billion
dollars from Arab, European, and Japanese donors. These inflows
more than offset Damascus's war-related costs and will help
Syria cover some of its debt arrears, restore suspended credit
lines, and initiate selected military and civilian purchases. In
1992 the government spurred economic development by loosening
controls on domestic and foreign investment while maintaining
strict political controls. For the long run, Syria's economy is
still saddled with a large number of poorly performing public
sector firms and industrial and agricultural productivity is
poor. A major long-term concern is the additional drain of
upstream Euphrates water by Turkey when its vast dam and
irrigation projects are completed by mid-decade.
</p>
<p>National product: GDP - exchange rate conversion - $30 billion
(1991 est.)
</p>
<p>National product real growth rate: 9% (1991 est.)
</p>
<p>National product per capita: $2,300 (1991 est.)
</p>
<p>Inflation rate (consumer prices): 20% (1992 est.)
</p>
<p>Unemployment rate: 5.7% (1989)
</p>
<p>Budget: revenues $5.4 billion; expenditures $7.5 billion,
including capital expenditures of $2.9 billion (1991 est.)
</p>
<list>
<l>Exports: $3.5 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est.)</l>
<l> commodities: petroleum 45%, farm products 11%, textiles,
phosphates 5% (1990)</l>
<l> partners: USSR and Eastern Europe 44%, EC 34%, Arab
countries 17%, US/Canada 1% (1990)</l>
<l>Imports: $2.7 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est.)</l>
<l> commodities: foodstuffs and beverages 21%, machinery 15%,
metal and metal products 15%, textiles 7%, petroleum products
(1990)</l>
<l> partners: EC 42%, USSR and Eastern Europe 13%, other Europe
13%, US/Canada 11%, Arab countries 6% (1990)</l>
</list>
<p>External debt: $5.3 billion (1990 est.)
</p>
<p>Industrial production: growth rate 6% (1991 est.); accounts
for 18% of GDP
</p>
<p>Electricity: 3,205,000 kW capacity; 11,900 million kWh
produced, 830 kWh per capita (1992)
</p>
<p>Industries: textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco,
phosphate rock mining, petroleum
</p>
<p>Agriculture: accounts for 27% of GDP and one-third of labor
force; all major crops (wheat, barley, cotton, lentils,
chickpeas) grown mainly on rain-watered land causing wide swings
in production; animal products - beef, lamb, eggs, poultry,
milk; not self-sufficient in grain or livestock products
</p>
<p>Illicit drugs: a transit country for Lebanese and Turkish
refined cocaine going to Europe and heroin and hashish bound for
the Persian Gulf area
</p>
<p>Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-81), $538
million; Western (non-US) ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-89), $1.23 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $12.3
billion; former Communist countries (1970-89), $3.3 billion
</p>
<p>Currency: 1 Syrian pound (#S)=100 piasters
</p>
<p>Exchange rates: Syrian pounds (#S) per US$1 - 22.0
(promotional rate since 1991), 22.0 (official rate since 1991),
42.0 (official parallel rate since 1991), 11.2250 (fixed rate
1987-90)
</p>
<p>Fiscal year: calendar year
</p></body></article></text>