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<text id=93CT1421>
<title>
Turkmenistan--Geography
</title>
<article><source>CIA Factbook</source><hdr>The World Factbook 1993: Turkmenistan
Geography</hdr><body>
<p>Location: South Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran
and Uzbekistan
</p>
<list>
<l>Area:</l>
<l> total area: 488,100 km2</l>
<l> land area: 488,100 km2</l>
<l> comparative area: slightly larger than California</l>
</list>
<p>Land boundaries: total 3,736 km, Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992
km, Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km
</p>
<p>Coastline: 0 km
</p>
<p>note: Turkmenistan does border the Caspian Sea (1,768 km)
</p>
<p>Maritime claims: landlocked, but boundaries in the Caspian Sea
with Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Iran will have to be negotiated
</p>
<p>International disputes: none
</p>
<p>Climate: subtropical desert
</p>
<p>Terrain: flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; borders
Caspian Sea in west
</p>
<p>Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, coal, sulphur,
salt
</p>
<list>
<l>Land use:</l>
<l> arable land: 3%</l>
<l> permanent crops: 0%</l>
<l> meadows and pastures: 69%</l>
<l> forest and woodland: 0%</l>
<l> other: 28%</l>
</list>
<p>Irrigated land: 12,450 km2 (1990)
</p>
<p>Environment: contamination of soil and groundwater with
agricultural chemicals, pesticides; salinization, water-logging
of soil due to poor irrigation methods
</p>
<p>Note: landlocked
</p></body></article></text>