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- <text id=91TT0690>
- <title>
- Apr. 01, 1991: Thin Skins And Fraud At M.I.T.
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Apr. 01, 1991 Law And Disorder
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- SCIENCE, Page 65
- Thin Skins and Fraud at M.I.T.
- </hdr><body>
- <p>A famed researcher backs away from a discredited paper
- </p>
- <p> The case should have been settled nearly five years ago.
- That is when an obscure postdoctoral fellow at M.I.T. first
- charged that a celebrated scientific article signed by some of
- the university's leading biologists--including Nobel laureate
- David Baltimore--was based on data that had been fudged. But
- rather than reopen the experiment (which involved introducing
- foreign genes into a mouse and observing the effect on the
- animal's own genes), the scientists, led by Baltimore, closed
- ranks. The junior researcher, Irish-born Margot O'Toole, was
- asked to give up her place in the lab. The senior scientist
- accused of misconduct, a gifted Brazilian immunologist named
- Thereza Imanishi-Kari, went on to win a prestigious appointment
- at nearby Tufts University.
- </p>
- <p> But the story did not end there. Seized on by some tenacious
- watchdogs at the National Institutes of Health, the case became
- a symbol of the fallibility and arrogance of modern science--and of government attempts to police science. The affair
- reached a critical point last week when a preliminary NIH
- report of the latest investigation was leaked to the press.
- That draft asserts that Imanishi-Kari faked her results and
- that Baltimore failed to take the allegation seriously enough.
- </p>
- <p> Those conclusions come only after probes by two different
- NIH committees and three separate congressional hearings over
- the past three years. The highlight was an icy confrontation
- in May 1989 between Baltimore and John Dingell, the powerful
- chairman of the House Subcommittee on Oversight and
- Investigations. At the time, the scientific community rallied
- behind Baltimore, one of its brightest stars, calling the
- hearings a "witch hunt" and Dingell a "new McCarthy." Dingell
- called in the Secret Service, which began going over lab
- notebooks with the forensic equivalent of an electron
- microscope.
- </p>
- <p> What the Secret Service found, according to the NIH draft
- report, was a pattern of data falsification that began before
- the 1986 paper was published and continued, in a clumsy effort
- to cover up earlier misdeeds, into the late 1980s. The report
- raised questions about whether some crucial experiments were
- ever performed at all. Faced with the evidence, Baltimore has
- finally moved to distance himself from the work done by
- Imanishi-Kari. In a statement issued from Rockefeller
- University, where he is now president, he acknowledged that
- "very serious questions" had been raised, and for the first
- time asked that the original paper be retracted. He left it to
- Imanishi-Kari--who faces a possible cutoff of federal
- research funding--to explain what went wrong.
- </p>
- <p> Baltimore and his former colleagues at M.I.T. owe O'Toole
- an apology, if not a job. And like other scientists currently
- facing critical scrutiny--including AIDS researcher Robert
- Gallo and cold-fusion gurus Martin Fleischmann and B. Stanley
- Pons--they owe it to themselves to take a close look at their
- thin-skinned response. Making mistakes is part of science. But
- blindly denying the possibility of error goes against the heart
- of the scientific method. Baltimore seems to have worried more
- about a colleague's reputation than about the truth of a junior
- researcher's complaint. In the end, he damaged not just his own
- reputation but science's as well.
- </p>
- <p>By Philip Elmer-DeWitt. Reported by Sam Allis/Boston and Dick
- Thompson/Washington.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
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