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  1. Abebe Bikila                                   7.8.1932  15.10.1973etiopsk² b∞₧ec                                 1960, 1964 olympijsk² vφt∞z v marat≤nu                                                                                                  Agricola Georgius                              24.3.1494 21.11.1555n∞meck² lΘka°, p°φrodov∞dec                    Zakladatel v∞deckΘho bßdßnφ v oboru mineralogie, hornictvφ, hutnictvφ                                                                   Aischylos                                      525 p°.   456 p°.   °eck² dramatik,zakladatel antickΘ tragΘdie     dφlo: Prosebnice, Sedm proti ThΘbßm, PerÜanΘ, Upoutan² PromΘtheus                                                                       Alexandr Velik²                                356 p°.n.l325 p°.n.lmakedonsk² vlada°                              Ovlßdl malou Asii, FΘnicii, Egypt, Perskou °φÜφ, St°ednφ Asii a Indi. Tato °φÜe se po jeho smrti rozpadla                               Aljochin Alexandr AlexandroviΦ                 20.10.189224.3.1946 Üachista                                       Byl pova₧ovßn za ÜachovΘho gΘnia s neuv∞°itelnou pam∞tφ                                                                                 Allen Woody   V.j. Allen Stewart Konigsberg    1.12.1935           americk² herec, dramatik, spisovatel, re₧isΘr  filmy : Seber prachy a zmiz, SpßΦ, Lßska a smrt, Hana a jejφ sestry, Man₧elΘ a man₧elky aj.                                             Altman Robert                                  20.2.1925           americk² filmov² a televiznφ re₧isΘr           filmy: M.A.S.H. , Svatba, HrßΦ, Vidiny, Buffalo Bill aj                                                                                 Al₧b∞ta I. Tudorovna                           7.9.1533  24.3.1603 anglickß krßlovna                              Podporovala zßmo°skou expanzi a nizozemskou bur₧oaznφ revoluci proti èpan∞lsku                                                          AmpΘre AndrΘ Marie                             22.1.1775 10.6.1826 francouzsk² fyzik, matematik                   Polo₧il zßklady novΘ oblasti fyziky - elektrodynamice                                                                                   Amundsen Roald                                 16.7.1872 19.6.1928 norsk² polßrnφk                                15.12.1911- jako prvnφ Φlov∞k dosßhl ji₧nφho p≤lu.                                                                                      Anaximandros z MφlΘtu                          asi 610 p°asi 546 p°°eck² filozof                                  Sestrojil prvnφ mapu sv∞ta, model vesmφru, zdokonalil sluneΦnφ hodiny                                                                   Andersen Hans Christian                        2.4.1805  4.8.1875  dßnsk² dramatik, romanopisec, pohßdkß°         dφlo: K°esadlo, Cφsa°ovy novΘ Üaty, OÜklivΘ kßΦßtko                                                                                     Anderssonovß Bibi                              11.11.1935          ÜvΘdskß hereΦka                                filmy: ┌sm∞vy letnφ noci, Sedmß peΦe¥, Lesnφ jahody, ScΘny z man₧elskΘho ₧ivota                                                         Antonioni Michelangelo                         11.11.1935          italsk² filmov² re₧isΘr                        filmy: Zv∞tÜenina, Dobrodru₧stvφ, Noc, ╚ervenß pustina, Pßtrßnφ po jednΘ ₧en∞ aj.                                                       ArchimΘdes                                     287 p°.n.l212 p°.n.l°eck² matematik, fyzik, vynßlezce              Zab²val se v²poΦty geometrick²ch ·tvar∙, pßkou, naklon∞nou rovinou, Üroubem, stanovil princip hydrostatiky, objevil tzv.archimed∙v zßkonAristarchos ze Samu                            3 st.p°.n.          °eck² matematik, astronom                      Jako prvnφ hlßsal heliocentrickou soustavu, kterß vÜak ve starov∞ku nebyla p°ijata                                                      AristofanΘs                                    446 p°.n  380 p°.n  dramatik                                       Nejslavn∞jÜφ antick² autor komediφ - dφlo: Hodovnφci, Jezdci, Oblaka, LysistratΘ, Äensk² sn∞m                                           AristotelΘs                                    384 p°.n.l322 p°.n.l°eck² filosof                                  nejv²znamn∞jÜφ Platon∙v ₧ßk, zakladatel systematickΘ filozofie a logistiky - vychovßval Alexandra VelikΘho                              Armstrong Louis                                4.7.1900  6.7.1971  americk² ΦernoÜsk² trumpetista , zp∞vßk        Lo∩ komediant∙                                                                                                                          Armstrong Neil Alden                           5.8.1930            americk² kosmonaut                             Velitel Apola 11 - jako prvnφ Φlov∞k vstoupil  21.7.1969 na M∞sφc                                                                       Ashe Arthur                                    10.7.1943 1993      americk² tenista ΦernΘ pleti                                                                                                                                                           Astaire Fred  V.j.  Fred Austerlitz            10.5.1899 22.6.1987 americk² filmov² herec a taneΦnφk              filmy: Pßni v cylindru, Sv∞t valΦφk∙, VelikonoΦnφ parßda, Sklen∞nΘ peklo aj.                                                            AÜ≤ka                                          274 p°.n.l232 p°.n.lindick² krßl                                   Krßl z dynastie Maurj∙, rozÜφ°il a sjednotil Indii                                                                                      Augustin Svat²                                 354       430       k°es¥ansk² filozof a teolog                    Nejv²znamn∞jÜφ p°edstavitel latinskΘ patristiky, sv²m sub∞ktivn∞ antropologick²m pojetφm teologie polo₧il zßklady zßpadnφho k°es¥anstvφ Augustus Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus        63 p°.n.l 14 n.l.   °φmsk² cφsa°                                   Φlen 2.triumvirßtu, ovlßdl celou °φmskou °φÜi, zalo₧il principßt                                                                        Avicena Ibn Sφnß Ab· Alφ Al-Husajn Ibn Abdallßh980       1037      arabsk² uΦenec                                 P°edstavitel vrcholnΘho obdobφ arabskΘ v∞dy, polyhistorik, lΘka°, bßsnφk, filozof, matematik, fyzik, astronom a stßtnφk tßd₧ickΘho p∙vodAvogadro Amedeo                                9.8.1776  9.7.1856  italsk² fyzik                                  Jeden za zakladatel∙ fyziky plyn∙                                                                                                       Aznavour Charles                               22.5.1924           francouzsk² zp∞vßk, ÜansoniΘr                                                                                                                                                          Babbage Charles                                26.12.179218.10.1871anglick² matematik, vynßlezce                  Navrhl prvnφ stroj na samostatnΘ sestavovßnφ tabulek matematick²ch funkcφ a poΦφtaΦ.                                                    Babel Isaak EmanuiloviΦ                        1.7.1894  13.3.1941 sov∞tsk² spisovatel                            Rudß jφzda                                                                                                                              Bacon Francis                                  22.1.1561 3.4.1626  anglick² filosof, p°φrodov∞dec, stßtnφk        "skuteΦn² praotec anglickΘho materialismu a veÜkerΘ modernφ experimentßlnφ v∞dy"                                                        Bacon Roger                                    asi 1214  1294      anglick² teolog, filozof, p°φrodov∞dec         Prvnφ teoretik experimentßlnφ v∞dy                                                                                                      Bach Alexander                                 4.1.1813  12.11.1893rakousk² ministr vnitra 1849 - 1859            Bachovsk² absolutismus                                                                                                                  Bach Johan Sebastian                           21.3.1685 28.7.1750 n∞meck² hudebnφ skladatel                      dφlo: Anglickß suita, BraniborskΘ koncerty, PaÜije Janovy                                                                               Bakerovß Josephina                             3.6.1906  11.4.1975 americkß taneΦnice, zp∞vaΦka                                                                                                                                                           Balzac HonorΘ de                               20.5.1799 18.8.1850 francouzsk² romanopisec                        dφlo: Lidskß komedie, Ev₧enie Grandetovß, Otec Goriot, ZtracenΘ iluse, Lesk a bφda kurtizßn, Bratranec Pons, Sest°enice B∞ta            Banting Frederic Grant                         14.11.189121.2.1941 kanadsk² lΘka°, fyziolog                       1923 Nobelova cena  s Macleodem za objev inzulφnu                                                                                       Barbusse Henri                                 17.5.1873 30.8.1935 francouzsk² spisovatel                         romßn: Ohe≥                                                                                                                             Bardotovß Brigitte                             28.9.1934           francouzskß filmovß hereΦka                    filmy: A b∙h stvo°il ₧enu, Pravda, Soukrom² ₧ivot                                                                                       Barker Lex  v.j. Alexander Crichlow Barker jr. 8.5.1919  11.5.1973 americk² herec                                 filmy: Tarzan brßnφ d₧ungli, Nßvrat Robina Hooda, Vinnetou, Poklad na St°φbrnΘm jeze°e, Old Shatterhand aj.                             Barrande Joachim                               11.8.1799 5.10.1883 francouzsk² geolog , paleontolog               Proslavil se v²zkumem starÜφch Φesk²ch prvohor                                                                                          Bart≤k BΘla                                    1881      1945      ma∩arsk² skladatel, teoretik, klavφrista       dφlo: Hrad knφ₧ete Modrovouse, Podivuhodn² mandarφn, D°ev∞n² princ                                                                      Beaumarchais Pierre Augustin Carlo de          1732      1799      francouzsk² dramatik, autor komediφ            dφlo: Lazebnφk Sevillsk², Figarova svatba                                                                                               Becker Boris                                   2.11.1967           n∞meck² tenista                                vφt∞z Wimbledonu 1985, 1886, 1989 ...                                                                                                   Beckett Samuel                                 1906                francouzsk² dramatik                           dφlo: ╚ekßnφ na Godota                                                                                                                  Becquerel Antoine CΘsar                        1788      1878      francouzsk² fyzik                              Zakladatel elektro chemie, prvnφ dob²val kov z rud elektrol²zou                                                                         Becquerel Henri                                15.12.185225.8.1908 francouzsk² fyzik                              Objevitel p°irozenΘ radioaktivity soli uranu                                                                                            Beethoven Ludwig Van                           17.12.177026.3.1827 n∞meck² hudebnφ skladatel                      Symfonie Φ.5(osudovß) , ╚.6(pastorßlnφ), Devßtß s ≤dou na radost                                                                        Behaim Martin                                  6.10.1459 29.7.1507 n∞meck² zem∞pisec                              Tv∙rce prvnφho zachovanΘho zemskΘho gl≤bu                                                                                               Behring Emil Adolph von                        15.3.1854 31.3.1917 n∞meck² lΘka°, bakteriolog                     1901 Nobelova cena za prßci v sΘroterapii, zejmΘna za jejφ vyu₧itφ proti zßÜkrtu                                                        B∞linskij Vissarion GrigorjeviΦ                13.6.1811 7.6.1848  rusk² revoluΦnφ demokrat                       Zakladatel ruskΘ realistickΘ estetiky, literßrnφ kritik a historik                                                                      Beljajev Pavel IvanoviΦ                        26.6.1925 10.1.1970 sov∞tsk² kosmonaut                             Voschod 2 - 18.3-19.3.1965                                                                                                              Bell Alexander Graham                          3.3.1847  2.8.1922  americk² fyziolog a fyzik                      Zkonstruoval prvnφ pou₧iteln² telefon (1876) a gramofon (1883)                                                                          Belmondo Jean-Paul                             9.4.1933            francouzsk² herec                              filmy: U konce s dechem, Policajt nebo roÜ¥ßk, Bezva finta, Mu₧ z Ria, Zlod∞j                                                           Benz Carl Friedrich                            25.11.18444.4.1929  n∞meck² automobilov² konstruktΘr               Zakladatel n∞meckΘho automobilovΘho pr∙myslu                                                                                            Bergman Ingmar                                 14.7.1918           ÜvΘdsk² re₧isΘr, scΘnßrista                    dφlo: Letnφ sen, LΘto s Monikou, Lesnφ jahody, Pramen panny, Sedmß peΦe¥, VeΦe°e pßn∞, VßÜe≥                                            Bergmanovß Ingrit                              29.8.1915 28.8.1982 ÜvΘdskß hereΦka                                filmy: Intermenzzo, Casablanka, Komu zvonφ hrana, PlynovΘ lampy aj.                                                                     Berlioz Hector                                 11.12.18038.3.1869  francouzsk² romantick² skladatel               Tv∙rce programovΘ symfonie fantastickß symfonie                                                                                         Bernstein Leonard                              25.8.1918 14.10.1990americk² dirigent, skladatel                   Muzikßl: West Side story                                                                                                                Berzelius J÷ns Jacobs                          1778      1848      ÜvΘdsk² chemik                                 Zakladatel anorganickΘ chemie. zavedl oznaΦovßnφ prvk∙ pφsmeny                                                                          Bessemer Henry                                 13.1.1813 15.3.1898 anglick² vynßlezce                             Vynalezl metodu v²roby ocele ze surovΘho ₧eleza                                                                                         Bewick Thomas                                  1753      1828      anglick² grafik                                Vynßlezce techniky d°evorytu                                                                                                            Bierce Ambrose Gwinett                         24.6.1842 1913      americkß spisovatel                            Jeden z mistr∙ povφdek hr∙zy a ΦernΘho humoru                                                                                           Bismarck Otto von , knφ₧e                      1.4.1815  30.7.1898 n∞meck² stßtnφ Φinitel                         Prvnφ °φÜsk² kanclΘ°                                                                                                                    Bizet Georges                                  25.10.18383.6.1875  francouzsk² skladatel                          dφlo: Carmen, Lovci perel, D₧amilΘ                                                                                                      BlΘriot Louis                                  1.7.1872  1.8.1936  francouzsk² leteck² konstruktΘr, letec         Roku 1909 p°elet∞l jako prvnφ kanßl La Manche                                                                                           Blok Alexandr AlexandroviΦ                     28.11.18807.8.1921  rusk² bßsnφk                                   dφlo:VerÜe o krßsnΘ dßm∞, Odplata, Dvanßct, SkytovΘ                                                                                     Boccaccio Givanni                              1313      21.12.1375italsk² bßsnφk, humanista                      dφlo: Dekameron                                                                                                                         Bocelli Andrea                                 1959                italsk² p∞vec - tenor                          nap° hity: Time To Say Goodbye, Miserere                                                                                                Bohr Niels Henrik David                        7.10.1885 18.11.1962dßnsk² atomov² fyzik                           Vytvo°il prvnφ kvantovou teorii atomu                                                                                                   Bolφvar Sim≤n                                  24.7.1783 17,12,1830venezuelsk² generßl                            Jeden z v∙dc∙ osvobozeneckΘ vßlky proti Üpan∞lskΘmu panstvφ v latinskΘ Americe. vytvo°il stßt Bolφvie                                   Boltzmann Ludwig                               1844      1906      rakousk² fyzik                                 Zakladatel kinetickΘ teorie plyn∙ a statistickΘ fyziky                                                                                  BondarΦuk Sergej                               25.9.1920           sov∞tsk² herec, re₧isΘr                        filmy:O str²Φku Vß≥ovi, Vojna a mφr, Waterlo, Boris Godunov                                                                             Borg Bjorn Runne                               6.6.1956            ÜvΘdsk² tenista                                vφt∞z Wimbledonu 1976 - 80 ... pat°φ mezi t°i nejlepÜφ tenisty sv∞ta                                                                    Boris Jelcin                                                       rusk² prezident                                Prezident ruskΘ federace od 1991. funkce se vzdal 31.12.1999                                                                            Borodin Alexandr PorfirjeviΦ                   12.11.183327.2.1887 rusk² skladatel                                dφlo:Druhß bohat²rskß, Knφ₧e Igor, Ve st°ednφ Asii                                                                                      Bosch Hieronymus                               1450      9.8.1516  vlßmsk² malφ°                                  dφlo: Poslednφ soud, Lo∩ blßzn∙, Zahrada pozemsk²ch rozkoÜφ                                                                             Botev Christo                                  6.1.1849  2.6.1876  bulharsk² bßsnφk, revolucionß°                 vlastenec, bojovnφk za osvobozenφ Bulharska z tureckΘ nadvlßdy                                                                          Botticelli Sandro                              1445      1510      italsk² malφ° ranΘ renesance                   dφlo: Zrozenφ VenuÜe, Primavera, Uk°i₧ovßnφ                                                                                             Botvinik Michal MojsejeviΦ                     17.8.1911           sov∞tsk² Üachov² velmistr                      Mnohonßsobn² mistr sv∞ta v Üachu                                                                                                        Bradbury Ray                                   1920                americk² spisovatel, p°edstavitel sci-fi       dφlo: Mar¥anskß kronika, 451 stup≥∙ Fahrenheita                                                                                         Brahe Tyge (Tycho)                             14.12.154624.10.1601dßnsk² astronom                                Velmi p°esnß pozorovßnφ hv∞zdnΘ oblohy                                                                                                  Brahms Johannes                                7.3.1833  3.4.1897  n∞meck² hudebnφ skladatel                      Nejv∞tÜφ n∞meck² symfonik po Beethovenovi                                                                                               Braille Louis                                  4.1.1809  6.1.1852  francouzsk² vynßlezce slepeckΘho pφsma                                                                                                                                                 Brando Marlo                                   3.4.1924            americk² divadelnφ a filmov² herec             filmy: Julius Caesar, Vzpoura na lodi Bounty, ètvanice, Kmotr, Ostrov v ohni aj.                                                        Brandt Willy                                   18.12.19138.10.1992 n∞meck² soc.demo. politik                      1969 - 1974 spolkov² kanclΘ° NSR - 1971  Nobelova cena mφru                                                                             Braun Wernher von                              23.3.1912 16.6.1977 n∞meck² raketov² technik Φinn² v USA           ┌Φastnil se °ady projekt∙ a konstrukcφ raket. hlavn∞ Juno II., Saturn, Apollo                                                           Brehm  Alfred Edmund                           2.2.1829  11.11.1884n∞meck² zoolog, cestovatel                     dφlo: Äivot zvφ°at                                                                                                                      Brecht Bertolt                                 10.2.1898 14.8.1956 n∞meck² dramatik, bßsnφk, spisovatel           Matka kurß₧ a jejφ d∞ti, Äebrßckß opera, T°φgroÜov² romßn,  Äivot Galileiho                                                             Bre₧n∞v Leonof IljiΦ                           19.12.190610.11.1982sov∞tsk² stßtnφ a stranick² Φinitel            Od 1964 prvnφ a od roku 1966 a₧ 1982 generßlnφ tajemnφk ┌V KSSS                                                                         Brice Pierre                                   6.2.1929            francouzsk² herec                              Proslavil se rolφ Vinnetoua ve filmech: Poklad na St°φbrnΘm jeze°e, Vinnetou I - III                                                    Broglie Louis Victor Pierre Raymond Duc de     1892                francouzsk² fyzik                              Tv∙rce vlnovΘ mechaniky, zab²val se tΘ₧ relativistickou kvantovou mechanikou - 1929 Nobelova cena                                       Bronson Charles                                3.11.1921           americk² filmov² herec                         filmy: ApaΦ, Sedm stateΦn²ch, Velk² ·t∞k, Tenkrßt na Zßpad∞ aj.                                                                         Brontδovß Anne                                 17.3.1820 26.5.1849 anglickß spisovatelka                          dφlo: Ane₧ka Greyovß, Dvojφ ₧ivot Heleny GrahamovΘ                                                                                      Brontδovß Emily                                20.8.1818 19.12.1848anglickß spisovatelka                          dφlo: Na v∞trnΘ h∙rce                                                                                                                   Brontδovß Charlotte                            21.4.1816 31.3.1855 anglickß spisovatelka                          dφlo: Jana Eyrovß, Shirley a Vilette                                                                                                    Bruno Giordano                                 1548      17.2.1600 italsk² myslitel, filozof                      Dom²Ülel a korigoval Kopernφk∙v heliocentrismus. pochopil, ₧e slunce nenφ st°ed vesmφru, ale hv∞zda.- upßlen.                           Brylskß Barbara                                5.6.1941  24.10.1995polskß hereΦka                                 Hrßla i v Φs.filmech nap°. Skalpel prosφm                                                                                               Brynner Yul      v.j. Taidje Kaht              12.7.1915 10.10.1985americk² filmov² herec                         filmy: Sedm stateΦn²ch, Nßvrat sedmi stateΦn²ch, Bitva na Neretv∞ aj.                                                                   Budha                                          asi 563 p°asi 483 p°myslitel a reformßtor starΘ Indie              Kladl d∙raz na cφlev∞domΘ p°emßhßnφ utrpenφ, zakladatel sv∞tovΘho nßbo₧enstvφ - buddhismu                                               Buffon Georges Louis Leclerc de                1707      1788      francouzsk² p°φrodov∞dec                       Jeden z p°edch∙dc∙ evoluΦnφ teorie                                                                                                      Bulgakov Michail AfanasjeviΦ                   1891      1940      sov∞tsk² dramatik                              dφlo: Mistr a MarkΘtka, Divadelnφ romßn, Bφlß garda                                                                                     Burton Richard                                 10.11.19255.8.1984  anglick² herec                                 filmy: Kleopatra, Zkrocenφ zlΘ ₧eny, Dotek med·zy                                                                                       Bykovsk² Valerij FjodoroviΦ                    2.8.1934            sov∞tsk² kosmonaut, plukovnφk                  Pßt² sov∞tsk² kosmonaut, 14.6 - 19.6.1963  Vostok 5                                                                                     Byron George Gordon   lord                     22.1.1788 19.4.1824 anglick² bßsnφk, revoluΦnφ romantik            dφlo: Childe Heroldova pou¥, Don Juan, ManfrΘd                                                                                          Caesar Gaius Julius                            100 p°.n.l44 p°.n.l °φmsk² vojev∙dce, politik                      Vytvo°il 1. triumvirßt, V²boje do Galie, Britanie, Germßnie.    ObΦanskou vßlkou se zmocnil celΘ °φÜe - prohlßÜen do₧ivotnφm diktßtorem Calmette Albert LΘon Charles                   12.7.1863 29.10.1933francouzsk² lΘka°                              Vynßlezce sΘra proti hadφmu jedu, bojovnφk proti TBC                                                                                    Calvin Jean                                    10.7.1509 27.5.1564 Üv²carsk² myslitel                             Tv∙rce Üv²carskΘ reformace a kalvφnskΘ v∞tve protestantismu, kladl d∙raz na absolutnφ supremßt bo₧φ                                     Camus Albert                                   7.11.1913 4.1.1960  francouzsk² spisovatel                         dφlo: Cizinec, Mor, Pßd, M²tus o Sisyfovi                                                                                               Cardinalovß Claudia                            15.4.1939           italskß hereΦka                                filmy: Rocco a jeho brat°i, Gepard, Tenkrßt na zßpad∞, ╚erven² stan aj                                                                  Carpanter Malcom Scottl                        1.5.1925            americk² astronaut                             Druh² americk² kosmonaut, Mercury 7 - 24.5.1962                                                                                         Carroll Lewis                                  1832      1898      anglick² matematik, spisovatel                 dφlo: Alenka v °φÜi div∙,  Za zrcadlem                                                                                                  Carter James Earl                              1.10.1924           americk² politik                               1976-1980    americk² president                                                                                                         Cartot Nicolas LΘonard Sadi                    1796      1832      francouzsk² fyzik                              Zakladatel termodynamiky a teorie tepeln²ch stroj∙                                                                                      Caruso Ernico                                  27.2.1873 2.8.1921  italsk² p∞vec                                                                                                                                                                          Castro Ruz Fidel                               13.8.1927           kubßnsk² politik                               Od roku 1959 p°edseda vlßdy a prvnφ tajemnφk ┌VB KS Kuby                                                                                Cavendish Henry                                10.10.173124.2.1810 anglick² chemik, fyzik                         Objev vodφku                                                                                                                            Ceausescu Nicolaie                             26.1.1918 26.12.1989rumunsk² politik                               Od 1965 generßlnφ tajemnφ ┌V RDS,  1974 - prezident,   popraven.                                                                        Celsius Anders                                 1701      1744      ÜvΘdsk² fyzik, astronom                        Tv∙rce teplotnφ stupnice po n∞m nazvanΘ                                                                                                 Cervantes Saavedra Miguel de                   29.9.1547 23.4.1616 Üpan∞lsk² spisovatel                           D∙mysln² rytφ° don Quijote de La Mancha                                                                                                 CΘzanne Paul                                   19.1.1839 20.10.1906francouzsk² malφ°                              dφlo: 800 plßten, 350 akvarel∙  nap°. d∙m ob∞Üenc∙v, vlastnφ podobizna,                                                                 Cicero Markus Tullius                          3.1.106 p°7.12.43 p°°φmsk² stßtnφk, prßvnφk, spisovatel            Nejv∞tÜφ °φmsk² °eΦnφk, obhßjce oligarcistickΘ republiky                                                                                Ciolkovskij Konstantin EduardoviΦ              17.9.1857 19.9.1935 sov∞tsk² matematik, vynßlezce                  1903-zd∙vodnil mo₧nost po₧itφ raketov²ch motor∙, 1929-teorie vφcestup≥ov²ch raket, mnoho vynßlez∙ v aerodynamice a raketovΘ  technice   Clair RenΘ                                     1898      1981      francouzsk² re₧isΘr, scenßrista, spisovatel    dφlo: Pod st°echami Pa°φ₧e, Slam∞n² klobouk, ╧ßblova krßsa, Krßsky noci, VelkΘ manΘvry                                                  Clay Cassius - Muhammad Ali                    17.1.1942           Americk² boxer                                 Zlatß z OH 1960, prof.mistr sveta bez rozdφlu vah 1964-67, 1974-79                                                                      Clinton Bill                                   19.8.1946           americk² politik                               President USA                                                                                                                           Comaneciovß Nadia                              13.11.1961          rumunskß sportovnφ gymnastka                   ZlatΘ z OH 1976, 1980, mystryn∞ sv∞ta 1980                                                                                              Connery Sean  (Thomas Connery)                 25.8.1930           brick² herec                                   filmy: Pahorek, Velkß vlakovß loupe₧, Ne·platnφ, èaman, JmΘno r∙₧e, Poslednφ rytφ° aj.                                                  Conrad Joseph                                  3.12.1857 3.8.1924  anglick² romantick² romanopisec                Nßhoda, Almayer∙v vzduÜn² zßmek, Negr z narcisu, Vφt∞zstvφ, Zlat² Üφp                                                                   Cook James                                     28.10.172814.2.1779 anglick² mo°eplavec, objevitel                 Vedl t°i v²pravy do tichomo°φ. prozkoumal pob°e₧φ Austrßlie                                                                             Cooper Gary  v.j. Frank James Cooper           7.5.1901  13.5.1961 americk² herec                                 filmy: Komu zvonφ hrana, Mu₧ zßpadu, Ser₧ant York, V pravΘ poledne aj.                                                                  Cooper James Fenimore                          15.9.1789 14.9.1851 americk² spisovatel                            dφlo: Poslednφ mohykßn, Stopa°                                                                                                          Cooper Leroy Gordon ml.                        6.3.1927            americk² astronaut                             ╚tvrt² americk² kosmonaut, Mercury 9 - 15.5.1963                                                                                        Cortes Hernando                                1485      2.12.1547 Üpan∞lsk² conquistador                         1519-21 dobyl °φÜi AztΘk∙, 1524-26 podnikl ta₧enφ do Hondurasu, 1536 do Kalifornie                                                      Costner Kevin                                  18.1.1955           americk² herec                                 filmy: JFK, Osobnφ strß₧ce, Tanec s vlky, Dokonal² sv∞t aj.                                                                             Coubertin Pierre de                            1.1.1863  2.9.1937  francouzsk² humanista, pedagog, historik       Inicißtor obnovenφ olympijsk²ch her (1894)                                                                                              Coulomb Charles-Augustin de                    14.6.1736 23.8.1806 francouzsk² in₧en²r a fyzik                    Zakladatel elektrostatiky a kvantitativnφho zkoumßnφ elektrick²ch a magnetick²ch jev∙                                                   Cousteau Jacques-Yvest                         11.6.1910           francouzsk² oceßnograf, badatel                                                                                                                                                        Crane Stephen                                  1.11.1871 5.6.1900  americky spisovatel                            Maggie d∞vΦe z ulice, Rud² odznak odvahy, Ji°φho matka                                                                                  Croce Benedeto                                 25.2.1866 20.11.1952italsk² filozof, estetik, historik             Filozofie ducha, Estetika ducha                                                                                                         Cromwell Oliver                                25.4.1599 3.9.1658  anglick² stßtnφk                               Jeden z v∙dc∙ anglickΘ bur₧oaznφ revoluce                                                                                               Cruise Tom (Thomas Cruise Mapother IV)         3.7.1962            Americk² herec                                 filmy: Top Gun, Rain man aj.                                                                                                            Curie Pierre                                   15.5.1859 19.4.1906 francouzsk² fyzik, chemik                      Objevil piezoelektrick² jev. 1903 Nobelova cena za v²zkum radioaktivity - spolu s man₧elkou M.Curieovou-Sklodowskou                     Curieovß-Sklodowskß Marie                      7.11.1867 4.7.1934  francouzskß fyziΦka, chemiΦka  (polsk² p∙vod)  Prvnφ profesorka na Sorbonn∞. Spolu s man₧elem (P.Curiφm) objevila polonium a radium. dvojnßsobnß nositelka Nobelovy ceny               Cuvier Georges                                 23.8.1769 13.5.1832 francouzsk² v∞dec, zoolog                      Zakladatel modernφ srovnßvacφ anatomie a modernφ paleontologie                                                                          Cv∞t Michail SemjonoviΦ                        19.5.1872 26.6.1919 rusk² botanik, fyziolog, biochemik             Objevitel chromatografickΘ absorpΦnφ anal²zy                                                                                            ╚ajkovskij Pjotr IljiΦ                         7.5.1840  6.11.1893 rusk² skladatel                                dφlo: Romeo a Julie, Ev₧en On∞gin, Pikovß dßma, Panna orleßnskß, Labutφ jezero, èφpkovß R∙₧enka, LouskßΦek                              ╚echov Anton PavloviΦ                          29.1.1860 15.7.1904 rusk² spisovatel, dramatik                     dφlo: Str²Φek Vß≥a, ViÜnov² sad, T°i sestry, ╚ajka                                                                                      ╚ingischßn                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ╚kalov Valerij PavloviΦ                        2.2.1904  15.12.1938sov∞tsk² letec                                 V roce 1938 utvo°il sv∞tov² rekord 12 000 km dlouh²m letem z Moskvy do Vancouveru p°es Severnφ p≤l                                      Daguerre Louis Jacques MandΘ                   1789      1851      francouzsk² malφ°                              Vynßlezce fotografie                                                                                                                    Daimler Gottlieb                               17.3.1834 6.3.1900  n∞meck² vynßlezce                              KonstruktΘr prvnφho v²buÜnΘho motoru pou₧itelnΘho ve vozidlech, Zakladatel znaΦky mercedes                                              Dalton John                                    6.9.1766  27.7.1844 anglick² fyzik, chemik                         Zakladatel v∞deckΘ atomovΘ teorie                                                                                                       Dante Alighieri                                12.5.1265 14.9.1321 italsk² bßsnφk                                 dφlo: Nov² ₧ivot, Bo₧skß komedie (Peklo, OΦistec, Rßj)                                                                                  Darwin Charles Robert                          12.2.1809 19.4.1882 anglick² p°φrodov∞dec                          Zakladatel v²vojovΘ teorie a modernφ biologie . dφlo: O vzniku druh∙ p°φrodnφm v²b∞rem                                                  Davy Humphry                                   17.12.177829.5.1829 anglick² chemik                                Jeden ze zakladatel∙ elektrochemie a objevitel n∞kolika prvk∙                                                                           De Niro Robert                                 17.8.1943           americk² herec                                 filmy: Kmotr II., Zu°φcφ b²k, Ne·platnφ, Mys hr∙zy aj.                                                                                  Dean James                                     8.2.1931  30.9.1955 americk² herec                                 filmy: Na v²chod od rßje, Rebel bez p°φΦiny   tragicky zahynul                                                                          Debussy Claude                                 22.8.1862 26.3.1918 francouzsk² skladatel                          dφlo:Faunovo odpoledne, Nokturno, Mo°e                                                                                                  Defoe Daniel                                   asi 1660  24.4.1731 anglick² prozaik                               dφlo: Robinson Crusoe, Kapitßn Singleton, Roxana                                                                                        Deguerre Louis                                 18.11.178710.7.1851 francouzsk² malφ°                              Spolu s Niepcem zφskal prvnφ trvalΘ fotografickΘ snφmky                                                                                 Delon Alain                                    8.11.1935           francouzsk² herec                              filmy: ╚ern² tulipßn, Sicilsk² klan, Dva mu₧i ve m∞st∞, Smrt darebßka aj.                                                               Depardieu GΘrard                               27.12.1948          francouzsk² herec                              filmy: Otec a otec, 1942, Dobytφ rßje, Zelenß karta, Tßta nebo milenec aj.                                                              Descartes RenΘ                                 31.3.1596 11.12.1650francouszk² filosof, matematik, p°φrodov∞dec   Podrobil dosavadnφ v∞d∞nφ radikßlnφ kritice a vytvß°el vlastnφ filosofii, zalo₧enou na suverenit∞ lidskΘho rozumu                       Dickens Charles                                18.3.1812 8.6.1870  anglick² romanopisec, povφdkß°, publicista     dφlo: Oliver Twist, MikulßÜ Nickleby, Malß Dorritka, David Copperfield                                                                  Diderot Denis                                  5.10.1713 30.7.1784 francouzsk² materialistick² filozof            Encyklopedie aneb racionßlnφ slovnφk v∞d, um∞nφ a °emesel                                                                               Diesel Rudolf                                  18.3.1858 29.9.1913 n∞meck² technik                                Vynalezl spalovacφ motor na naftu , tzv. diesel∙v motor                                                                                 Dietrichovß Marlen                             27.12.19016.5.1992  n∞meckß hereΦka                                filmy: Modr² and∞l, Maroko, Plavovlasß VenuÜe, èanghajsk² expres, Norimbersk² proces aj                                                 Dimitrov Georgl                                18.6.1882 2.7.1949  bulharsk² komunistick² pracovnφk               Hrdina lipskΘho procesu, dlouholet² generßlnφ tajemnφk kominterny                                                                       Disney Walt                                    5.12.1901 15.12.1966americk² kreslφ° a filmov² producent           kreslenΘ filmy: Sn∞hurka a sedm trpaslφk∙, Popelka, èφpkovß R∙₧enka, Kniha d₧unglφ aj                                                   Dostojevsk² Fjodor MichajloviΦ                 11.11.18219.4.1881  rusk² spisovatel                               Ponφ₧enφ a ura₧enφ, Zßpisky z mrtvΘho domu, ZloΦin a trest, Idiot, Brat°i Karamazovi, B∞si                                              Dougles Kirk                                   9.12.1916           americk² herec a producent                     filmy: Spartakus, Äφze≥ po ₧ivot∞, Pekelnφk, Tichß dohoda aj.                                                                           Dougles Micheal                                25.9.1944           americk² herec a producent                     filmy: Wall Street, Honba za diamantem, Osudovß p°ita₧livost, Vßlka Rosseov²ch, Zßkladnφ instinkt aj                                    Doyle Artuhur Conan                            22.5.1859 7.7.1930  anglick² spisovatel                            Autor novel a romßn∙ o detektivu Sherlocku Holmesovi , nap°. Pes Baskervillsk² aj.                                                      Dreiser Theodore Herman Albert                 27.8.1871 28.12.1945americk² spisovatel                            Americkß tragΘdie, FinanΦnφk, Titan, Stoik                                                                                              Dumas Alexandre Ml.                            27.7.1824 27.11.1895francouzsk² dramatik                           dφlo: Dßma s kamΘliemi                                                                                                                  Dumas Alexandre St.                            24.7.1803 5.12.1870 francouzsk² romanopisec, dramatik              Vic ne₧ 80 romßn∙, nap°.T°i muÜket²°i, Hrab∞ Monte Christo                                                                              Dunant Jean Henri                              8.5.1828  31.10.1910Üv²carsk² spisovatel                           Zakladatel mezinßrodnφho ΦervenΘho k°φ₧e,   1901 Nobelova cena mφru                                                                     Durer Albrecht                                 21.5.1471 6.4.1528  n∞meck² malφ°, grafik                          R∙₧encovß slavnost, Apokalypsa                                                                                                          Eastwood Clint                                 31.5.1930           americk² herec                                 filmy: V ₧ßru m∞sta, Drsn² Hary, Bandita, Nesmi°iteln² aj.                                                                              Edison Thomas Alva                             11.2.1847 18.10.1931americk² vynßlezce a podnikatel                Pr∙kopnφk vÜestrannΘho vyu₧itφ elekt°iny. zφskal 1300 patent∙  nejznßm∞jÜφ : Psacφ stroj, telegraf, el.lokomotiva, akumulßtor, dynamo   Eiffel Alexandre Gustave                       15.12.183228.12.1923francouzsk² in₧en²r                            Vybudoval 300 m vysokou Eiffelovu v∞₧                                                                                                   Eichmann Adolf                                 19.3.1906 31.5.1962 n∞meck² politik                                Φlen SS a NSDAP, od roku 1941 organizoval dopravu Äid∙ do koncentrßk∙, popraven                                                         Einstein Albert                                14.3..187918.4.1952 n∞meck² fyzik                                  Autor obecnΘ a specißlnφ teorie relativity, jednotnΘ teorie prostoru, Φasu, gravitace.        Nobelova cena                             Eisenhower Dwight David                        14.10.189028.3.1969 americk² generßl, politik                      Za druhΘ sv∞t. vßlky vrchnφ velitel spojeneck²ch vojsk. 1953-60 34.prezident USA                                                        EjzenÜtejn Sergej MichajloviΦ                  23.1.1898 11.2.1948 sov∞tsk² re₧isΘr                               dφlo: K°i₧nφk Pot∞mkin, Ivan Hrozn², Alexandr N∞vsk², A¥ ₧ije Mexiko, Generßlnφ linie                                                   Engels Bed°ich                                 28.11.18205.8.1895  n∞meck² filosof, socialista                    Spolu s Marxem tv∙rce materialistickΘho marxismu    dφlo: Dialektika p°φrody                                                            Erenburg Ilja GrigorieviΦ                      26.1.1891 31.8.1967 sov∞tsk² spisovatel, publicista                dφlo: Pßd Pa°φ₧e, Bou°ka, Devßtß vlna                                                                                                   Ernst Max                                      2.4.1891  1.4.1974  n∞meck² malφ°                                  P°edstavitel dadaismu a surrealismu                                                                                                     EuklidΘs                                       3 st.p°.n.          °eck² matematik                                V dφle zßklady shrnul veÜkerΘ geometrickΘ poznatky °eckΘ matematiky. vÜechny geom.v∞ty se pokusil odvodit z axion∙ a definic            Euler Leonard                                  15.4.1707 18.9.1783 Üv²carsk² matematik a fyzik                    Mechanika neboli pohyb vylo₧en² v∞deckou anal²zou                                                                                       EurφpidΘs                                      480 p°.n.l406 p°.n.l°eck² dramatik                                 èφlen² Herakles, Tr≤janky, Helena                                                                                                       Evertovß-Lloydovß Chris                        21.12.1954          americkß tenistka                                                                                                                                                                      Ezop                                           6.st.p°.n.          staro°eck² bajka°                              Legendßrnφ autor zvφ°ecφch bajek                                                                                                        Fabre Jean Henri                               21.12.182311.10.1915francouzsk² p°φrodov∞dec                       Skv∞lß znalec a pozorovatel hmyzu                                                                                                       Falk Peter                                     16.9.1927           americk² divadelnφ a filmov² herec             serißl: PoruΦφk Colombo                                                                                                                 Faraday Michael                                22.9.1791 25.8.1867 anglick² fyzik, chemik                         Objevil elektromagnetickou indukci, samoindukci, zßkony elektrol²zy, diamagnetizmus. zavedl pojem elektrickΘ a magnetickΘ pole a siloΦßrFarrowovß Mia                                  9.2.1945            americkß hereΦka                               filmy: Rosemary mß d∞¥ßtko, Velk² Gatsby, Man₧el a man₧elky aj.                                                                         Fellini Federiko                               20.1.1920 31.10.1993italsk² filmov² re₧isΘr                        filmy: Silnice, Cabiriiny noci, 8 1/2, Sladk² ₧ivot aj.                                                                                 Fermi Enriko                                   29.9.1901 28.11.1945italsk² fyzik                                  Tzv. Fermiho efekt - zpomalovßnφ neutron∙ v lßtkßch bohat²ch vodφkem, 1938 Nobelova cena                                                Feuchtwanger Lion                              7.7.1884  21.12.1958n∞meck² romanopisec a dramatik                 dφlo: Äidovka z Toleda, Goya, LiÜky na vinici, OÜklivß vΘvodkyn∞, Jefta a jeho dcera                                                    Feurbach Ludwig                                28.7.1804 13.9.1872 n∞meck² materialistick² filosof                ┌vahy o smrti a nesmrtelnosti, P°ednßÜky o podstat∞ nßbo₧enstvφ, Zßklady filozofie budoucnosti                                          Flammario Nikolas Camille                      26.2.1842 3.6.1925  francouzsk² hv∞zdß°                            Popularizßtor astronomie a p°φrodnφch v∞d                                                                                               Fleming Alexander Sir                          6.7.1881  11.3.1955 anglick² mikrobiolog                           Objevil lysozim a penicilin. Nobelova cena                                                                                              Fonda Henry                                    16.5.1905 12.8.1982 americk² herec                                 filmy: Hrozny hn∞vu, Dvanßct rozhn∞van²ch mu₧∙, Vojna a mφr, Tenkrßt na Zßpad∞, Bitva o Midway aj.                                      Fondovß Jane                                   21.12.1937          americkß hereΦka  - otec H.Fonda               filmy: Nßvrat dom∙, ètvanice, Kon∞ se takΘ st°φlejφ, Elektrick² jezdec aj.                                                              Ford Henry                                     30.7.1863 7.4.1947  americk² pr∙myslnφk                            Pr∙kopnφk modernφ velkov²roby a zakladatel spoleΦnosti Ford Motor Company                                                               Forssmann Werner                               29.8.1904 1.6.1979  n∞meck² lΘka°, chirurg, urolog                 1956 Nobelova cena za objevy t²kajφcφ se katetrizace srdce a zm∞n v ob∞hovΘm sytΘmu                                                     Foucault Jean Bernard LΘon                     11.9.1819 11.2.1868 francouzsk² fyzik                              zab²val se optikou, zm∞°il velmi p°esn∞ rychlost sv∞tla                                                                                 Franklin Benjamin                              17.1.1706 17.4.1790 americk² stßtnφk, diplomat, p°φrodov∞dec       1776-spoluautor prohlßÜenφ nezßvislosti, studoval elekt°inu, N∞kolik let p°ed P.DiviÜem zkonstruoval bleskosvod                         Fraserovß Dawn                                 4.9.1937            australskß plavkyn∞                            Zlatß nz OH 1956, 1960, 1964                                                                                                            Freud Sigmund                                  6.5.1856  23.9.1939 vφde≥sk² lΘka°, psychiatr,                     Autor teorie psychoanal²zy a jejich Φetn²ch aplikacφ                                                                                    Fries Elias Magnus                             15.8.1794 8.2.1878  ÜvΘdsk² botanik a mykolog                      zakladatel v∞deckΘ mykologie                                                                                                            Funes Louis de                                 31.7.1914 27.1.1983 francouzsk² herec                              filmy: ╚etnφk za Saint Tropez, Velk² flßm, SenzaΦnφ prßzdniny, Na strom∞, Piti-Piti-Pa, Tetovan². Hrßl ve 137 filmech.                  Gabin Jean                                     17.5.1904 15.11.1976francouzsk² herec                              filmy: Velkß iluze, ╚lov∞k bestie, Nßb°e₧φ mlh, Svat² rok, Tulßk ArchimΘdes, Burzißni, Bφdφci, Sicilsk² klan, Dva mu₧i v m∞st∞          Gagarin Jurij AlexejeviΦ                       9.3.1934  27.3.1968 sov∞tsk² kosmonaut , plukovnφk                 Prvnφ kosmonaut sv∞ta, 12.4.1961 v kosmickΘ lodi Vostok 1 oblet∞l  jeden krßt zem∞kouli. Zahynul p°i cviΦnΘm letu                       Galilei Galileo                                15.12.15648.1.1642  italsk² matematik, astronom, fyzik             Jeden ze zakladatel∙ novov∞kΘ materialistickΘ p°φrodov∞dy, zkonstruoval dalekohled kter²m objevil krßtery na m∞sφci                     Galsworthy John                                14.8.1867 31.1.1933 anglick² romanopisec                           dφlo: Sßga rodu Forsyth∙, Modernφ komedie, Ostrov pokrytc∙, VenkovskΘ sφdlo                                                             Galvani Luigi                                  9.9.1737  4.12.1798 italsk² p°φrodov∞dec                           Pokusy se ₧abφmi stehny vedly k objevu elektrickΘho nap∞tφ vznikajφcφho mezi kovov²mi elektrodami, spojen²m kapaln²m vodiΦem            Gama Vasco da                                  1469      24.12.1524portugalsk² mo°eplavec                         Prvnφ proplul kolem ji₧nφ Afriky do Indie, kde polo₧il zßklady portugalskΘ kolonißlnφ moci. byl jmenovßn vicekrßlem Indie               Gßndhφ M≤handßs KaramΦand                      2.10.1869 30.1.1948 indick² filozof, politik                       Jeden z vedoucφch Φinitel∙ nßrodn∞ osvobozeneckΘho hnutφ v Indii                                                                        Gßndhφovß Indira                               19.11.191731.10.1984indickß politiΦka                              dcera Nehr·ova, od 1966 p°edsedkyn∞ vlßdy - zavra₧d∞na                                                                                  Garbo Greta                                    18.9.1905           ÜvΘdskß - americkß hereΦka                     filmy: T∞lo a ∩ßbel, Äena bez studu, Mata Hari, Krßlovna Kristina, Anna Kareninovß, Dßma s kamΘliemi aj.                                Garciφa Lorca Federico                         11.6.1898 19.8.1936 Üpan∞lsk² bßsnφk, dramatik                     Kniha bßsnφ, Mariana Pinedovß, D∙m do≥i Bernardy, LidovΘ ukolΘbavky                                                                     Garibaldi Giuseppe                             4.7.1807  2.6.1882  italsk² revolucionß°                           V∙dce boje za sjednocenφ Itßlie                                                                                                         Gaugin Paul                                    7.6.1848  8.5.1903  francouzsk² malφ°, grafik, °ezbß°              Obrazy z prost°edφ Martiniku a Tahiti                                                                                                   Gaulle Charles AndrΘ Joserh Marie de           22.11.18909.11.1970 francouzsk² stßtnφk, vojensk² Φinitel          Francouzsk² prezident                                                                                                                   Gauss Karl Friedrich                           30.4.1777 23.2.1855 n∞meck² matematik, fyzik, geofyzik, astronom   Zab²val se algebrou, teoriφ Φφsel, teoriφ funkcφ komplexnφ prom∞nnΘ, teoriφ chyb                                                        Gautier ThΘophile                              30.8.1811 23.10.1872francouzsk² bßsnφk, prozaista, esejista, kritikEmaily a kameje, Kapitßn Fracasse, D∞jiny romantismu                                                                                    Geiger Hans                                    30.9.1882 24.9.1945 n∞meck² fyzik                                  Zab²val se jadernou fyzikou a jejφ detekcφ. zkonstruoval Geiger-Muller∙v poΦφtaΦ                                                        Genscher Hans-Dietrich                         21.3.1927           n∞meck² politik                                1974-??? ministr zahraniΦφ NSR                                                                                                          Gerasimov Michail MichajloviΦ                  15.9.1907 21.7.1970 sov∞tsk² antropolog                            Vypracoval metodu rekonstrukce lidskΘho obliΦeje podle lebky                                                                            Gerasimov Sergej ApollinereviΦ                 21.5.1906 28.11.1985rusk² re₧isΘr                                  filmy: Mladß garda, Tich² Don, Lev Tolstoj                                                                                              Gercia Lorca Federico                          5.6.1898  19.8.1936 Üpan∞lsk² bßsnφk                               dφlo: CikßnskΘ romance, Pφsn∞, Bßsnφk v New Yorku, Krvavß svatba, D∙m doni Bernardety.      zavra₧d∞n Üpan.faÜisty                      Gershwin George                                26.9.1898 19.7.1937 americk² skladatel                             dφlo: Rhapsody in blue, AmeriΦan v Pa°φ₧i                                                                                               Gibson Mel                                     3.1.1956            australsk² herec                               filmy: èφlen² Max, Tim, Rok nebezpeΦnΘho ₧ivota, Smrtonosnß zbra≥, Air America aj.                                                      Gilbert William                                1540      1603      anglick² fyzik                                 Zjistil neodd∞litelnost kladnΘho a zßpornΘho p≤lu magnetu a magnetickΘ ·Φinky zem∞                                                      Girardotovß Annie                              25.10.1931          francouzskß hereΦka                            filmy: Rocco a jeho brat°i, Starß panna, Poslednφ polibek, Ukradli torzo Jupitera aj.                                                   Glenn Jon Herschel                             18.7.1921           americk² astronaut                             Prvnφ americk² kosmonaut, lo∩  Mercury 6 - 20.2.1962                                                                                    Glinka Michail IvanoviΦ                        20.5.1804 3.2.1857  rusk² skladatel                                dφlo: Ruslan a Ludmila, Noc v Madrid∞, Kamarinskß                                                                                       Godunov Boris                                  asi 1552  13.4.1605 rusk² car                                      PokraΦovatel stßtotvornΘ politiky Ivana HroznΘho                                                                                        Goethe Johann Wolfgang Von                     28.8.1749 22.3.1832 n∞meck² bßsnφk, spisovatel, v∞dec              dφlo: Utrpenφ mladΘho Werthera, Krßl duch∙, ╚arod∞j∙v uΦe≥, Faust                                                                       Gogh Vincent van                               30.3.1853 29.7.1890 holandsk² malφ°                                obrazy: Vlastnφ podobizna, SluneΦnice, ObilnΘ pole s havrany                                                                            Gogol Nikolaj VasiljeviΦ                       1.4.1809  4.3.1852  rusk² prozaik, dramatik                        dφlo: VeΦery na Samot∞, Taras Bulba, Äenitba, MrtvΘ duÜe                                                                                Goldoni Carlo                                  25.2.1707 7.2.1793  italsk² dramatik                               Otcovskß lßska, Benßtsk² gondoliΘr                                                                                                      GorbaΦov Michail SergejeviΦ                    2.3.1931            sov∞tsk² politik, stßtnφk                      P°φchodem do funkce generßl.tajemnφka KSSS zaΦal zavßd∞t tzv.perestrojku. Prvnφ sov∞tsk² prezident                                      GorbaΦovovß Raisa                                        20.9.1999 prvnφ dßma SSSR                                Man₧elka M.GorbaΦova                                                                                                                    Gorkij Maxim                                   28.3.1868 18.6.1936 sov∞tsk² prozaik, dramatik, bßsnφk, publicista dφlo: T°i, Matka, M∞Ü¥ßci, Na dn∞, Letnφ hostΘ, Vassa Äeleznovovß, Äivot Klima Samgina, Pφse≥ o sokolu, Makar ╚udra, Dφvka a smrt       Gounod Charles                                 18.6.1818 18.10.1893italsk² skladatel                              dφlo: Faust a MarkΘtka, Romeo a Julie                                                                                                   Goya Y Lucientes Francisco de                  30.3.1746 15.4.1828 Üpan∞lsk² malφ°                                obrazy: Karel IV..s rodinou, Poprava 3.kv∞tna 1808,        Cyklus : Los Caprichos de la Guerra                                          Grafovß Stefanie Maria (Stefi)                 14.6.1969           n∞meckß tenistka                               Dr₧itelka Grand Slamu 1988 a1994, Wimbledon 1988, 89, 91,92,93,95,96                                                                    Gutenberg Johann                               1400      3.2.1468  n∞meck² vynßlezce                              Vynßlezce knihtisku                                                                                                                     Haeckel Ernst                                  16.2.1834 9.8.1919  n∞meck² p°φrodov∞dec, filosof                  V²znamn² darwinista a popularizßtor p°φrodnφch v∞d                                                                                      Hammett Dashiell Samuel                        27.5.1894 10.1.1961 americk² spisovatel                            Zakladatel tzv. drsnΘ Ükoly detektivnφho romßnu, Nap°:Prokletφ Dain∙, MaltΘzsk² sokol, Sklen∞n² klφΦ..                                  Handel Georg Friedrich                         23.2.1685 14.4.1759 n∞meck² skladatel                              dφlo: Rinaldino, Julius Caesar, MesißÜ, Samson, Jefta                                                                                   Harvey William                                 1.4.1578  3.6.1657  anglick² lΘka°                                 Objevitel krevnφho ob∞hu                                                                                                                Haydn Franz Joseph                             31.3.1732 31.5.1809 rakousk² skladatel                             dφlo: p°es sto synfonφφ                                                                                                                 Hegel George Wilhelm Friderich                 27.8.1770 14.11.1831n∞meck² filosof                                Tv∙rce systΘmu dialektiky                                                                                                               Heine Heinrich                                 13.12.179717.2.1856 n∞meck² bßsnφk, prozaik, esejista, publicista  dφlo: Kniha pφsnφ, NovΘ bßsn∞, Romancero, Romantickß Ükola                                                                              Heisenberg Werner Karl                         5.12.1901 1.2.1976  n∞meck² fyzik                                  Jeden ze zakladatel∙ kvantovΘ mechaniky. Nobelova cena                                                                                  Helmont Johannes Baptista Van                  12.1.1579 30.12.1644belgick² lΘka° a chemik                        Objevitel existence plyn∙ a zakladatel pneumatickΘ chemie                                                                               Hemingway Ernest                               21.7.1898 2.7.1961  americk² spisovatel                            dφlo: Sbohem armßdo, Komu zvonφ hrana, Sta°ec a mo°e               1954 Nobelova cena                                                   Hepburnovß Audrey                              4.5.1929  20.1.1993 brickß a americkß hereΦka                      filmy: Prßzdniny v ╪φm∞, Vojna a mφr, My Fair Lady, Jak ukrßst VenuÜi, ╚ekej do tmy aj.                                                 Hepburnovß Katharine                           8.11.1909           americkß hereΦka                               filmy: Hßdej, kdo p°φjde na veΦe°i, Na ZlatΘm jeze°e, Africkß krßlovna, Obchodnφk s deÜt∞m aj.                                          Herodes Velik²                                 62 p°.n.l 4 p°.n.l  judsk² krßl                                    Za jeho vlßdy se podle k°es¥anskΘ novozßkonnφ legendy narodil Je₧φÜ Kristus                                                             HΘrodotos                                      484 p°.n.l425 p°.n.lstaro°eck² d∞jepisec                           Naz²van² otec d∞jepisu,  autor devφti svazk∙ d∞jin                                                                                      Herschel William Friedrich Wilhelm             15.11.173825.8.1822 anglick² astronom                              KonstruktΘr a v²robce nejv∞tÜφch a nejkvalitn∞jÜφch zrcadlov²ch dalekohled∙ svΘ doby                                                    Hertz Heinrich Rudolf                          22.2.1857 1.1.1894  n∞meck² fyzik                                  Experimentßln∞ potvrdil Maxwellovu elektromagnetickou teorii                                                                            Heydrich Reinhard                              7.3.1904  4.6.1942  n∞meck² nacistick² politik                     Zastupujφcφ °φÜsk² protektor zavra₧d∞n Φs.paraÜutisty                                                                                   Heyerdahl Thor                                 6.10.1914           norsk² cestovatel, etnograf                    Na voru z Jφ₧nφ Ameriky do Polynesie  Kon-Tiky,  Na rßkosovΘm Φlunu z Afriky do Ameriky  Ra a Ra II.                                    Hikmet Ran Nazim                               20.1.1902 3.6.1963  tureck² bßsnφk, dramatik                       dφlo: Legenda o lßsce                                                                                                                   Hill Terence  (Mario Girotti)                  29.3.1939           italsk² herec                                  filmy: Jestli se rozlobφme, tak budeme zlφ, Sudß a lichß  . Nejznßm∞jÜφ role s B. Spencerem                                             Hillary Edmund Percival Sir                    20.7.1919           novozΘlandsk² horolezec                        Spolu s Nepßlcem Tenzingem v r.1953 zdolal jako prvnφ nejvyÜÜφ horu sv∞ta Mount Everest                                                 Hitchcock Alfred, Sir                          13.8.1899 29.4.1980 britsk² filmov² scenßrista a re₧isΘr           filmy: Psycho, Prßci, Marnie, Zb∞silost aj                                                                                              Hitler Adolf                                   20.4.1889 30.4.1945 n∞meck² politik                                Zakladatel a organizßtor nacistickΘ strany (NSDAP). v Φele n∞meckΘ vlßdy zavedl faÜistickou diktaturu. P°ipravil a vedl 2. sv∞t.vßlku   Ho ╚i Min                                      19.5.1890 3.9.1969  vietnamsk² stßtnφk                                                                                                                                                                     Hoffman Dustin                                 8.8.1937            americk² filmov² herec                         filmy: Kramerovß vesus Kramer, Mal² velk² mu₧, Smrtφcφ epidemie, Tootsie, Rain Man, VÜichni prezidentovi mu₧i aj.                       HomΘr                                                              staro°eck² bßsnφk                              Autor epos∙ : Ilias, Odyssea   ₧il asi v 11 - 7 stoletφ p°.n.l.                                                                         Hopkins Anthony                                31.12.1937          britsk² herec                                  filmy: MlΦenφ jeh≥ßtek, Hamlet, Ohro₧enφ Britaniku, Slonφ mu₧ aj.                                                                       Horatius Flaccus Quintus                       65 p°.n.l 8 p°.n.l  °φmsk² bßsnφk                                  dφlo: Bßsn∞, Satiry, Listy                                                                                                              Hugo Victor Marie                              26.2.1802 22.5.1885 francouzsk² bßsnφk, dramatik, romanopisec      Romßny: Chrßm Matky Bo₧φ v Pa°φ₧i, Ubo₧ßci, D∞lnφci mo°e, Mu₧ kter² se sm∞je                                                            Humbolt Alexander von                          14.9.1769 6.5.1859  n∞m∞ck² p°φrodov∞dec,zem∞pisec a cestovatel    podnikl pr∙zkumnΘ v²pravy na Sibi°, do LatinskΘ Ameriky aj.                                                                             Chamberiain Richard                            31.1.1935           americk² herec                                 filmy: T°i muÜket²°i, Sklen∞nΘ peklo, Hrab∞ Monte Christo, Ptßci v trnφ aj.                                                             Champollion Jean Francois                      23.12.17904.3.1832  francouzsk² uΦenec                             Zakladatel egyptologie, rozluÜtil egyptskΘ hieroglyfy                                                                                   Chaplin Charles Spencer                        16.4.1889 25.12.1977britsk² a americk² filmov² herec a re₧isΘr     filmy: Kid, ZlatΘ opojenφ, Sv∞tla velkom∞sta, Modernφ doba, Diktßtor, Sv∞tla ramp                                                       Chaplinovß Geraldine                           31.7.1944           americkß hereΦka                               filmy: Anna a vlci, Star² d∙m uprost°ed Madridu, T°i muÜket²°i aj.                                                                      Charles Jacques Alexandre CΘsar                1746      1823      francouzsk² fyzik                              1783 postavil prvnφ bal≤n pln∞n² vodφkem                                                                                                Chevalier Maurice                              12.9.1888 1.1.1972  francouzsk² herec a zp∞vßk                                                                                                                                                             Chiron Louis                                   3.8.1899  23.6.1979 francouzsk² automobilov² zßvodnφk              P°ednφ jezdec firmy Bugatti, 1928 mistr sv∞ta, Vφt∞z °ady velk²ch cen                                                                   Chopin Frederyk                                22.2.1810 17.10.1849polsk² hudebnφ skladatel                       Nejv²znamn∞jÜφ autor klavφrnφch skladeb                                                                                                 Churchill Winston Spencer                      30.11.187424.1.1965 britsk² politik a stßtnφk                      1940-1945, 1951-1955 p°edseda britskΘ vlßdy, Zahßjil tzv. studenou vßlku                                                                Ibsen Henrich                                  20.3.1828 23.5.1906 norsk² dramatik                                dφlo: StraÜidla, Nora, Divokß kachna, Stavitel Solness                                                                                  Ignßc z Loyolu                                 25.12.149131.7.1556 Üpan∞lsk² Ülechtic                             Zakladatel a prvnφ generßl jezuitskΘho °ßdu                                                                                             Inocenc III.                                   1160      16.7.1216 pape₧  (Ital)                                  Nejmocn∞jÜφ st°edov∞k² pape₧, jφm₧ vyvrcholila snaha cφrkve o sv∞tovlßdu                                                                Ioffe Abram FjodoroviΦ                         29.10.188014.10.1960sov∞tsk² fyzik                                 Zab²val se mechanick²mi vlastnostmi krystal∙                                                                                            Isabela I. Kastilskß                           22.4.1451 26.11.1504kastilskß krßlovna                             Podporovala zßmo°skΘ cesty KryÜtofa Kolomba                                                                                             Jefferson Thomas                               13.4.1743 4.7.1826  americk² stßtnφk                               2 x president, pokrokov² politick² myslitel  - autor : deklarace nezßvislosti spojen²ch stßt∙ americk²ch (1776)                         Jelcin Boris NikolajeviΦ                       1.2.1931            rusk² politik                                  1991 - rusk² prezident, odstoupil 31.12.1999                                                                                            Jenner Edward                                  17.5.1749 26.1.1823 anglick² lΘka°                                 Objevitel mo₧nosti ochrannΘho oΦkovßnφ proti onemocn∞nφ Φern²mi neÜtovicemi                                                             Jind°ich Plavec - zvan²  Mo°eplavec            4.3.1394  13.11.1460portugalsk² princ                              Organizßtor plaveb kolem zßpadoafrickΘho pob°e₧φ                                                                                        Johanka z Arku   ( Panna Orleßnskß)            1412      30.5.1431 francouzskß lidovß hrdinka                     Zem°ela jako kacφ°ka na hranici v Rouenu                                                                                                Joliot-Curie FrΘdΘric                          19.3.1900 14.8.1958 francouzsk² fyzik, chemik                      Spolu s man₧elkou Irenou objevili um∞lou radioaktivitu.   Nobelova cena                                                                 Joliot-Curierovß IrΘne                         12.9.1897 17.3.1956 francouzskß fyziΦka, chemiΦka                  1935 Nobelova cena za objev um∞lΘ radioaktivity                                                                                         Jordan Michael Jeffry                          17.2.1963           americk² basketbalista                         Zlatß z OH 1984, 1992, nejlepÜφ st°elec NBA 1987 - 93                                                                                   Jußrez Benito                                  21.3.1806 18.7.1872 mexick² demokratick² stßtnφk                   Liberßrnφ reformßtor naz²van²   "mexick² Lincoln"                                                                                       Justinißn I.                                   483       565       byzantsk² cφsa°                                Upevnil otrokß°sk² °ßd, obnovil °φmskΘ impΘrium, dal sepsat °φmskΘ prßvo                                                                Kalvin   (William Thomson)                     26.6.1824 17.12.1907skotsk² fyzik                                  Podφlel se na praktick²ch aplikacφch fyziky                                                                                             Kant Immanuel                                  22.4.1724 12.2.1804 n∞meck² filozof                                Sv∞toznßm² idealistickß filosof                                                                                                         Kapica Pjotr LeonidoviΦ                        8.7.1894  8.4.1984  sov∞tsk² fyzik                                 Zab²vß se studiem magnetick²ch polφ - 1978 Nobelova cena                                                                                Kaplan Viktor                                  17.11.187623.8.1934 n∞meck² technik                                Vynßlezce vodnφ rychlob∞₧nΘ turbφny                                                                                                     Karel I. Velik²                                742       814       fransk² krßl                                   Podnikl p°es 50. vojensk²ch ta₧enφ proti Sas∙m, Longobard∙m, Arab∙m, Avar∙m, Slovan∙m. vytvo°il centrßln∞ spravovanou °φÜi              Karpov Anatolij                                23.5.1951           sov∞tsk² Üachista                              N∞kolikanßsobn² mistr sv∞ta                                                                                                             Katajev Valentin PetroviΦ                      28.1.1897           sov∞tsk² spisovatel                            dφlo: Na obzoru plachta bφlß, Samota v stepi, Syn pluku                                                                                 Kekule Friedrich August                        7.9.1829  13.7.1896 n∞meck² chemik                                 Zakladatel organickΘ chemie cyklick²ch slouΦenin                                                                                        Kelvin William, lord                           26.6.1824 17.12.1907britsk² (skotsk²) matematik a fyzik            Zab²val se elekt°inou a magnetismem, autor teplotnφ stupnice kterß nese jeho jmΘno                                                      Kennedy John Fitzgerald                        29.5.1917 22.11.1963americk² politik a stßtnφk                     1961 zvolen prezidentem -zavra₧d∞n v Dallasu                                                                                            Kennedy Robert Francis                         20.11.19256.6.1968  americk² politik                               Bratr J.F.Kennedyho, senßtor, kandidßt na prezidenta USA - zavra₧d∞n                                                                    Kepler Johannes                                27.12.157115.11.1630n∞meck² astronom                               Objevil t°i zßkony tzv.keplerovy zßkony, popisujφcφ pohyb planet kolem slunce                                                           King Martin Lhuter                             15.1.1929 4.4.1968  americk² duchovnφ                              V∙dce ΦernoÜskΘho obyvatelstva -1964 Nobelova cena mφru. - zavra₧d∞n                                                                    Kingovß Billie-Jean                            22.11.1943          americkß tenistka                                                                                                                                                                      Kinska Nastassja                               24.1.1961           n∞meckß hereΦka                                filmy: Tess, Takovß, jako jß, KoΦiΦφ lidΘ, HarΘm aj.                                                                                    Kinski Klaus                                   18.10.192623.11.1991n∞meck² herec                                  filmy: Zelenß kobra, Vojcek, Aquirre, Bo₧φ hn∞v aj.                                                                                     Kipling Rudyard                                30.12.186518.1.1936 anglick² prozaik, bßsnφk                       dφlo: Knihy d₧unglφ, StateΦnφ kapitßni, Sv∞tlo kterΘ zhaslo                                                                             Kirchhoff Gustave-Robert                       12.3.1824 17.10.1887n∞meck² fyzik                                  spoluobjevitel spektrßlnφ anal²zy, ojevitel cesia a rubidia, formuloval zßkony o el.produ a tepelnΘm zß°enφ                             Kohl Helmut                                    3.4.1930            n∞meck² politik                                                                                                                                                                        Koch Robert                                    11.12.184327.5.1910 n∞meck² lΘka°                                  Objevil p∙vodce antraxu, tuberkul≤zy a cholery.                      1905 Nobelova cena                                                 Kolbe Adolph Wilhelm Herman                    27.9.1818 25.11.1884n∞meck² chemik                                 Vynikajφcφ odbornφk v anal²ze plyn∙, skv∞l² experimentßtor, konstruktΘr d∙mysln²ch p°φstroj∙                                            Kolumbus KryÜtof                               asi 1451  20.5.1506 italsk² mo°eplavec                             12.10.1492 p°istßl  se svou flotilou ( Santa Maria, Pinta, Ni≥a) na Bahamßch, objevil Kubu, Haiti, Jamajku. Podnikl celkem 4 v²pravy .  Komarov Vladimφr MichajloviΦ                   16.3.1927 24.4.1964 sov∞tsk² kosmonaut                             Prvnφ skupinov² let Vostok 1    12.10 - 13.10.1964, zahynul p°φ p°istßnφ lodi Sojuz 1                                                   Konfucius                                      552 p°.n.l479 p°.n.lΦφnsk² filozof                                 Tradicφ pova₧ovßn za nejv∞tÜφho mudrce vÜech dob                                                                                        Konstantin I. Velik²                           asi 275   337       zßpado°φmsk² cφsa°                             DovrÜil p°ebudovßnφ °φmskΘ °φÜe na dominßt. Vybudoval Konstantinopolis, p°iznal k°es¥an∙m svobodu vyznßnφ                               Kopernφk MikulßÜ                               19.2.1473 24.5.1543 polsk² astronom, matematik, lΘka°              Ve svΘm dφle zve°ejnil svou heliocentrickou soustavu v nφ₧ p°edpoklßdß takΘ rotaci zem∞ kolem osy                                       Koroljov Sergej PavloviΦ                       12.1.1907 14.1.1966 sov∞tsk² v∞dec                                 Hlavnφ konstruktΘr sov∞tsk²ch kosmick²ch raket, vesmφrn²ch lodφ, orbitßlnφch stanic a dru₧ic.                                           KurΦatov Igor VasiljeviΦ                       12.1.1903 7.2.1960  rusk² fyzik                                    Jeden z tv∙rc∙ sov∞tskΘho jadernΘho programu                                                                                            Kutuzov Michail IllarionoviΦ                   5.9.1745  16.4.1813 rusk² vojev∙dce                                Vφt∞z nad Napoleonem a spoluzakladatel ruskΘ vojenskΘ v∞dy                                                                              K²ros II. Velik²                                         529 p°.n.lpersk² krßl                                    Zakladatel PerskΘ °φÜe - dobyl MΘdskou °φÜφ, rozdrtil L²dii, zmocnil se MalΘ Asie a vyvrßtil Babyl≤nskou °φÜi                           La Fontaine Jean de                            8.7.1621  13.4.1695 francouzsk² bßsnφk                             Autor sv∞tov∞ proslul²ch bajek                                                                                                          La Mettrie Julien Offroy de                    25.12.170911.11.1751francousk² filosof                             Neohro₧en² hlasatel materialismu a atheismu                                                                                             Landau Lev DavidoviΦ                           22.1.1908 1.4.1968  sov∞tsk² fyzik                                 Zab²val se zejmΘna fyzikou pevn²ch lßtek a nφzk²ch teplot. dßle teoretick²mi problΘmy jadernΘ fyziky.  1962 Nobelova cena za fyziku     Laver Rod                                      9.8.1938            australsk² tenista                             Jedin² tenista kter² vyhrßl Grand Slam dvakrßt                                                                                          Lavoisier Antoine Laurent                      26.8.1743 8.5.1794  francouzsk² chemik                             Vytvo°il zßklady modernφ chemie, jako exaktnφ v∞dy zalo₧enΘ na kvantitativnφch metodßch vß₧enφ a m∞°enφ                                 Le Corbusier                                   6.10.1887 27.8.1965 Francouz Üv²carskΘho p∙vodu                    Sv∞tov∞ proslul² modernφ architekt                                                                                                      Lee Bruce                                      27.11.194020.7.1973 hongkongsk² herec                              filmy: P∞sti hn∞vu, ╚φnskß spojka, Drak p°ichßzφ, Drak∙v nßvrat, Hra smrti aj.                                                          Leeuwenhoek Anthony                            24.10.163227.8.1723 nizozemsk² p°φrodov∞dec                        Zdokonalil mikroskop, objevil krevnφ kapilßry, popsal bakterie a prvoky                                                                 LΘger Fernard Jules Henri                      2.4.1881  17.8.1955 francouzsk² malφ°                              V∙dΦφ p°edstavitel um∞leckΘ avantgardy a modernφho um∞nφ                                                                                Lehßr Franz                                    30.4.1870 24.10.1948rakousk² skladatel                             dφlo: Veselß vdova, CareviΦ                                                                                                             Lemmon Jack                                    8.2.1925            americk² herec                                 filmy: N∞kdo to rßd horkΘ, Sladkß Irma, Nebo₧tφci p°ejφ lßsce, ╚φnsk² syndrom, Nezv∞stn² aj.                                            Lenin (Uljanov)  Vladimφr IljiΦ                22.4.1870 21.1.1924 p°edstavitel sov∞tskΘho d∞lnickΘho hnutφ       Teoretik a organizßtor socialistickΘ revoluce v Rusku                                                                                   Lenon John W                                   9.10.1940 8.12.1980 anglick² zp∞vßk, skladatel                     ╚len skupiny Beatles                                                                                                                    Leonardo da Vinci                              15.4.1452 2.5.1519  italsk² malφ°, socha°, architekt, in₧en²r,v∞decNejuniverzßln∞jÜφ zjev vrcholovΘ renesance, p°edstavitel zduchovn∞lΘho malφ°stvφ. obohatil tΘm∞° vÜechny oblasti v∞d∞nφ.  - Mona Lisa   Leonov Alexej ArchipoviΦ                       30.5.1934           sov∞tsk² kosmonaut                             Jako prvnφ vystoupil do volnΘho vesmφru , Voschod 2  - 18.3.1965                                                                        Leopardi Giacomo                               29.6.1798 14.6.1837 italsk² romantick² bßsnφk                      Z bßsnφ je nejslavn∞jÜφ meditace o krutosti p°φrody - La Ginestra                                                                       Lermontov Michail JurieviΦ                     15.10.181427.7.1841 rusk² bßsnφk, prozaik                          dφlo: DΘmon, MaÜkarnφ ples, Hrdina naÜφ doby                                                                                            Lesseps Ferdinand-Marie de                     19.11.18057.12.1894 francouzsk² diplomat a podnikatel              Projektoval Suezsk² pr∙plav a Panamsk² pr∙plav                                                                                          Lessing Gotthold Ephraim                       22.1.1729 15.2.1781 n∞meck² dramatik, estetik, kritik              dφlo: Miss Sara Sampsonovß, Mφna z Bernhelmu, Emilia Galotti, Moudr² Nathan                                                             Lewis Frederick Carl                           1.6.1961            americk² atlet - sprinter, skokan              ZlatΘ na OH 1984, 1988, 1992 - celkem 9x, 8x mistr sv∞ta                                                                                Lewis Harry Sinclair                           7.2.1885  10.1.1951 severoamerick² spisovatel                      romßny: Hlavnφ t°φda, Babbiti, Arrowsmith, Mu₧ kter² znal prezidenta  -  1930 Nobelova cena                                             Li Po                                          asi 701   762       Φφnsk² bßsnφk                                  Nejv∞tÜφ bßsnφk starΘ ╚φny a jeden z nejv∞tÜφch bßsnφk∙ v∞k∙ a nßrod∙ v∙bec                                                             Liebig Justus                                  12.5.1803 18.4.1873 n∞meck² chemik                                 Zdokonalil elementßrnφ anal²zy a agrochemii                                                                                             Lilienthaal Otto                               1848      1896      n∞meck² pr∙kopnφk letectvφ                     1891 jako prvnφ na sv∞t∞ provedl let letadlem t∞₧Üφm vzduchu (kluzßk vlastnφ konstrukce)                                                Lincoln Abraham                                12.2.1809 15.4.1865 americk² stßtnφk                               Jeho zvolenφ presidentem zavdalo podn∞t k odtr₧enφ ji₧nφch stßt∙ od  unie, vßlka Sever proti Jihu - zavra₧d∞n                           LinnΘ Carl von                                 23.5.1707 10.1.1778 ÜvΘdsk² p°φrodov∞dec, lΘka°, botanik           1753 rody rostlin - popsal v n∞m 7300 druh∙ rostlin                                                                                     Lioyd Harold                                   20.1.1893 8.3.1971  americk² herec                                 filmy:O patro v²Ü, On hrdina dne aj                                                                                                     Lister Joseph                                  5.4.1827  10.2.1912 anglick² chirurg                               Zavedla do chirurgie antisepsi.                                                                                                         Liszt Ferenc                                   22.10.181131.7.1886 ma∩arsk² hudebnφ skladatel                     dφlo: Tasso, Ideßly, PromΘtheus, Mazepa, Hamlet                                                                                         Livingstone David                              19.3.1813 1.5.1873  skotsk² misionß°, cestovatel                   ProÜel jako prvnφ Afriku od zßpadu na v²chod, objevil Viktoriiny vodopßdy a prameny Konga                                               Locke John                                     29.8.1632 28.10.1704anglick² myslitel, teoretik stßtu a prßva      Jeho nßzory o v²chov∞ a vzd∞lßnφ b²vajφ hodnoceny jako zßklady modernφ pedagogiky                                                       Lollobrigida Gina                              4.7.1927            italskß hereΦka                                filmy: Krßsky noci, Fanfßn tulipßn, ChlΘb lßska a fantazie, Zvonφk u Matky Bo₧φ, Dobr² den panφ Campbellovß                             Lomonosov Michail VasiljeviΦ                   19.11.171115.4.1765 rusk² v∞dec, encyklopedista                    Dokßzal zßkon zachovßnφ hmoty, objevil atmosfΘru na VenuÜi, ukßzal, ₧e teplo je formou pohybu. Ovlivnil mnoho obor∙ lidskΘ Φinnosti     London Jack  (vl.j. John Griffith)             12.1.1876 23.1.1916 americk² prozaik                               dφlo: Volßnφ divoΦiny, Bφl² tesßk, Odyssea severu, Martin Eden, Äeleznß pata, Tulßk po hv∞zdßch, Mezi lovci perel, Syn slunce,Mo°sk² vlkLorenovß Sophia                                20.9.1934           italskß hereΦka                                filmy: Horalka, VΦera dnes a zφtra, Hrab∞nka z Hongkongu, SluneΦnice, Verdikt                                                           Luther Martin                                  10.11.148318.2.1546 n∞meck² theolog                                Sv²m vystoupenφm proti pape₧sk²m odpustk∙m zahßjil vlastnφ epochu otev°enΘ reformace                                                    Magalhaes Fernando                             1480      27.4.1521 portugalsk² mo°eplavec                         Zahßjil prvnφ plavbu kolem sv∞ta                                                                                                        Majakovskij Vladimφr VladimiroviΦ              19.7.1893 14.4.1930 sov∞tsk² bßsnφk, dramatik                      dφlo: NßÜ pochod, Lev² pochod, 150 000 000, èt∞nice, Horkß lßze≥                                                                        Makarenko Anton SemjonoviΦ                     13.3.1888 1.4.1939  sov∞tsk² pedagog, uΦitel, spisovatel           Zab²val se otßzkami kolektivnφ v²chovy                                                                                                  Makarios III.                                  13.8.1931 3.8.1977  kypersk² stßtnφk a prezident                                                                                                                                                           Malthus Thomas Robert                          27.2.1766 23.12.1834anglick² ekonom, biskup                        Autor populaΦnφ teorie - sna₧il se dokßzat zbyteΦnost ·silφ o zlepÜenφ socißlnφho postavenφ pracujφcφch                                 Manet Edouard                                  23.1.1832 30.4.1883 francouzsk² malφ°                              obrazy: Snφdan∞ v trßv∞, ╚φÜnice aj.                                                                                                    Mann Thomas                                    6.6.1875  12.8.1955 n∞meck² spisovatel                             Romßny:Buddenbrokovi, Krßlovskß v²sost,Mario a kouzelnφk, Josef a jeho brat°i, Lotta ve V²maru                                          Mao Ce-tung                                    26.12.18939.9.1976  Φφnsk² politik                                 Spoluzakladatel kom.strany ╚φny, ve vnit°nφ politice dobrodru₧n² experiment (Velk² skok)                                                Maray Jean-Paul                                24.5.1743 13.7.1793 francouzsk² revolucionß°                       V²znamnß postava velkΘ francouzskΘ revoluce                                                                                             Marceau Marcel                                 22.3.1923           francouzsk² mim                                                                                                                                                                        Marconi Guglieimo                              25.4.1874 20.7.1937 italsk² radiotechnik                           1897 mu byl ud∞len patent na bezdrßtov² telegraf.                        1909 Nobelova cena                                             Marias Jean                                    11.11.1913          francouzsk² herec                              filmy: Krßska a zvφ°e, Hrab∞ Monte Christo, HrbßΦ, Kapitßn Fracase, Fantomas, Äeleznß maska aj.                                         Martφ JosΘ                                     28.1.1853 19.5.1895 kubßnsk² revolucionß°                          Spisovatel, ideolog, organizßtor osvobozeneckΘho boje proti Üpan∞lskΘ nadvlßd∞                                                          Marx Karel                                     5.5.1818  14.3.1883 n∞meck² filozof                                Zakladatel v∞deckΘho socialismu a komunismu                                                                                             Mastroianny Marcell                            28.8.1924 19.12.1996italsk² herec                                  filmy : Osm a p∙l, Man₧elstvφ po italsku, Ginger a Fred, Rozvod po italsku, Krßsn² Antonio, Casanova 70,                                Mata Hari                                      7.8.1876  15.10.1917holan∩anka                                     NajprosnulejÜφ, i kdy₧ urΦit∞ nΘ nejv²znamn∞jÜφ Üpi≤nka                                                                                 Maxwell James Clerk                            13.11:18315.11.1879 anglick² fyzik                                 Zpracoval matematicky Faradayovy zßkony o elekt°in∞ a magnetismu                                                                        McCartney Sir Paul                             18.6.1942           anglick² zp∞vßk, kytarista, skladatel          Φlen skupiny The Beatles                                                                                                                McQueen Steve, v.j. Terrence Steve             24.3.1924 7.11.1980 americk² herec                                 filmy: Sedm stateΦn²ch, Nevada Smith, Mot²lek, Sklen∞nΘ peklo, Tom Horn aj                                                              MeΦnikov Ilja IljiΦ                                                rusk² biolog                                   Studoval hlavn∞ embryologii bezobratl²ch ₧ivoΦich∙. objevil fagocytozu jak zßklad imunity.                 Nobelova cena                Medici Lorenzo de                              1.1.1449  8.4.1492  vlßdce Florencie                               Proslul² sv²mi zßsluhami o rozvoj um∞nφ, v∞d a podporou um∞lc∙.                                                                         Melville Herman                                1.8.1819  28.9.1891 americk² spisovatel                            Romßny: Moby Dick (Bφla velryba), Tulßk po ostrovech, Prvnφ plavba                                                                      Mend∞lejev Dmitrij IvanoviΦ                    8.2.1834  2.2.1907  rusk² chemik                                   1869 objevil periodick² zßkon prvk∙                                                                                                     Mickiewicz Adam                                24.12.179826.11.1855polsk² bßsnφk                                  dφlo: ╙da na radost, Pan TadeßÜ                                                                                                         MiΦurin Ivan VladimiroviΦ                      27.10.18557.6.1935  rusk² ovocnß°                                  Polo₧il zßklady nauky o d∞diΦnosti, vyp∞stoval celou °adu u₧itkov²ch rostlin                                                            Michelangelo Buonarroti                        6.3.1475  18.2.1564 italsk² socha°, malφ°, architekt, bßsnφk       socha Davida, v²zdoba SixtinskΘ kaple, dostavba chrßmu sv. Perta v ╪φm∞                                                                 Miller Glen                                    1.3.1904  16.12.1944americk² dirigent                                                                                                                                                                      Milton John                                    9.12.1608 8.11.1674 anglick² bßsnφk a publicista                   dφlo: Ztracen² rßj, Sonet na smrt druhΘ choti                                                                                           Mohamed                                        570       632                                                      Zakladatel a prvnφ organizßtor islßmu, autor jeho posvßtnΘ knihy Korßnu                                                                 MoliΘre Jean Baptidte Poquelin                 15.1.1622 17.2.1673 francouzsk² dramatik                           dφlo: Lakomec, Misantrop, Don Juan, Zdrav² nemocn², èkola pro ₧eny                                                                      Montand Yves   v.j. Ivo Livi                   13.10.19219.11.1991 francouzsk² zp∞vßk a herec                     filmy: Doznßnφ, Stav oble₧enφ, Paul a ti druzφ, PoÜetilost mocn²ch aj                                                                   Monteverdi Claudio                             ?.5.1567  29.11.1643italsk² skladatel                              dφlo: Orfeo, Aariadna, Odysse∙v nßvrat do vlasti                                                                                        Montgolfier Jacques Etienne                    6.1.1745  1.8.1799  francouzsk² vynßlezce                          Spolu s bratrem zkonstruoval bal≤n pln∞n² tepl²m vzduchem. 1783 vystup Φlov∞ka nad zemsk² povrch                                        Moravia Alberto                                29.11.1907          italsk² prozaik, dramatik                      dφlo: Lhostejnφ, Nuda, ╪φmanka, Horalka, Pohrdßnφ, Lßska man₧elskß, Pozornost                                                           Morgan Thomas Hunt                             25.9.1866 4.12.1945 americk² biolog                                Jeden ze zakladatel∙ v∞deckΘ genetiky, autor genovΘ a chromaz≤novΘ teorie d∞diΦnosti                                                    Morse Samuel Finlay Breese                     27.4.1791 2.4.1872  americk² vynßlezce                             Pr∙kopnφk elektromagnetickΘho telegrafu pou₧itΘho poprvΘ mezi Whasingtonem a Baltimorem (1844). Zavedl abecedu z Φßrek a teΦek.         Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus                        27.1.1756 5.12.1791 rakousk² hudebnφ skladatel                     dφlo: Figarova svatba, Don Giovanni, Titus, KouzelnΘ flΘtna                                                                             Musorgskij Modest PetroviΦ                     9.3.1839  16.3.1881 rusk² skladatel                                dφlo: Boris Godunov, Äenitba, ChovanÜtina                                                                                               Nansen Fridtjof                                10.10.186115.5.1930 norsk² polßrnφ badatel                         1888 jak prvnφ p°eÜel p°es Gr≤nsko                                                                                                      Napoleon I. (vl.j. Napoleone Bonaparte)        15.8.1769 5.5.1821  francouzsk² cφsa°                              Vßlkami v²razn∞ rozÜφ°il ·zemφ Francie. po porß₧ce Ruskem 1812 rozpad cφsa°stvφ. Poslßn na Elbu. po ·t∞ku vlßda 100 dnφ - sv.Helena     Nßsir Gamßl Abdal                              15.1.1918 28.9.1970 egyptsk² politik, stßtnφk                      Prezident EgyptskΘ republiky 1956 - 58 - od 1958 prezident SAR                                                                          Nastase Ilie                                   19.7.1946           rumunsk² tenista                                                                                                                                                                       Nelson Horatio                                 29.9.1758 21.10.1805britsk² admirßl                                P°emo₧itel Napoleona v n∞kolika v²znamn²ch nßmo°nφch bitvßch                                                                            Nero Franco                                    21.11.1941          italsk² herec                                  filmy: VyÜet°ovßnφ skonΦilo - zapome≥te, P°iznßnφ policejnφho komisa°e ....,Den sovy, ┌ctyhodnφ lidΘ aj.                                Neruda Pablo                                   12.7.1904 24.9.1973 chilsk² bßsnφk                                 dφlo: Dvacet bßsnφ o lßsce, Zp∞v lßsky o Stalingradu, Velik² zp∞v, Kapitßnovy verÜe, Hrozny a vφtr                                      Newcomme John                                  23.5.1944           australsk² tenista                                                                                                                                                                     Newman Paul                                    26.1.1925           americk² herec                                 filmy: Frajer Luke, Butch Cassidy a Sundance Kid, Rozsudek,  Harry & syn, Sklen∞n² zv∞°inec, Äivot a doba soudce Roy Beana aj           Newton Isaac Sir                               4.1.1643  31.3.1727 anglick² fyzik, matematik, astronom            Pomocφ zßkon∙ polo₧il zßklady pozemskΘ i nebeskΘ mechaniky. gravitaΦnφmi zßkony odstranil rozdφly mezi pozemsk²mi a nebesk²mi jevy      Nicholson Jack                                 22.4.1937           americk² herec                                 filmy: ╚φnskß Φtvrt, P°elet nad kukaΦΦφm hnφzdem, Cena za n∞₧nost,  ╚arod∞jky z Easwicku aj                                             Nikolajev Adrian GrigorjeviΦ                   5.9.1929            sov∞tsk² kosmonaut, generßlmajor               T°etφ sov∞tsk² kosmonaut. 11.8 - 15.8.1962... Vostok 3                                                                                  Nikolajevovß-T∞reÜkovovß Valentina Vladimirovn 6.3.1937            sov∞tskß kosmonautka , plukovnφk               Prvnφ ₧ena - kosmonautka, 16.6 - 19.6.1963...Vostok 6                                                                                   Nobel Alfred Bernhard                          21.10.183310.12.1896ÜvΘdsk² pr∙myslov² podnikatel                  Vynßlezce v²buÜnin (dynamit, t°askavß ₧elatina). Zakladatel nadace (1895) - Nobelova cena                                               Nobile Umberto                                 21.1.1885 29.7.1978 italsk² polßrnφk                               1926, 1928 p°elet∞l se vzducholodφ Italia Severnφ p≤l                                                                                   Noiret Philippe                                1.10.1931           francouzsk² herec                              filmy: Starß puÜka, P°φlφÜ hluΦnß samota, Prohnilφ, Bio Rßj, PoÜ¥ßk aj.                                                                 Offenbach Jacques                              21.6.1819 5.10.1880 francouzsk² skladatel                          dφlo: Orfeus v podsv∞tφ, Krßsnß Helena, Hoffmanovy povφdky                                                                              Ohm George Simon                               16.3.1787 7.7.1854  n∞meck² fyzik                                  Zab²val se akustikou, zkoumal interferenΦnφ jevy, hlavnφ v²znam mß jeho objev Ohmova zßkona                                             Oistrach David FjodoroviΦ                      30.9.1908 24.10.1974rusk² houslista                                                                                                                                                                        Oliver Laurence Sir                            22.5.1907           anglick² herec a re₧isΘr                       Role: Jind°ich V., Macbeth, Hamlet, Richard III.                                                                                        Oparin Alexandr IvanoviΦ                       2.3.1894  21.4.1980 sov∞tsk² biochemik                             Vypracoval materialistickou teorii vzniku ₧ivota na zemi                                                                                Oppenheimer Franz                              22.4.1904 20.2.1967 americk² fyzik                                 Vedl prßce na konstrukci atomovΘ pumy                                                                                                   Otto Nikolaus August                           14.6.1832 26.1.1891 n∞meck² technik                                Vynalezl Φty°taktnφ spalovacφ motor                                                                                                     Ovidius Publius Naso                           43 p°.n.l.asi 18 n.l°φmsk² lyrick² a epick² bßsnφk                 dφlo: Listy heroin a lßsky, Listy milostnΘ, Um∞nφ milovat, Jak lΘΦit lßsku, Listy z Pontu                                               Owens James Cleveland                          12.9.1913 31.3.1980 americk² atlet                                 4 krßt zlato z OH 1936, Üest sv∞tov²ch rekord∙                                                                                          Ozerov Jurij NikolajeviΦ                       26.1.1921           rusk² re₧isΘr                                  filmy: Syn, Kozßck² velitel, Velkß cesta, Osvobozenφ aj.                                                                                Paganini Niccol≤                               27.10.178227.5.1840 italsk² houslista                              Houslista s vynikajφcφ technikou a skladatel                                                                                            Papin Denis                                    22.8.1647 1712      francouzsk² fyzik                              Jeden z badatel∙, kte°φ razili cestu myÜlence parnφho stroje                                                                            Pascal Blaise                                  19.6.1623 19.8.1662 francouzsk² matematik, fyzik, filozof          Zab²val se v²poΦty binomick²ch koeficient∙ (Pascal∙v troj·helnφk), teoriφ pravd∞podobnosti, ku₧eloseΦkami                               Pasteur Louis                                  27.12.182228.9.1895 francouzsk² chemik a bakteriolog               Objevil mo₧nost oΦkovßnφ proti sn∞ti slezinnΘ a vzteklin∞. Je objevitelem pasterace a dalÜφch zp∙sob∙ sterilace.                        Patton George                                  11.11.188521.12.1945americk² generßl                               Velitel 3. americkΘ armßdy kterß v kv∞tnu 1945 osvobodila ·zemφ zßpadnφch ╚ech                                                          Pavarotti Luciano                              12.10.1935          italsk² p∞vec - lyrick² tenor                                                                                                                                                          Pavlov Ivan PetroviΦ                           26.9.1849 27.2.1936 sov∞tsk² fyziolog                              Objevil podmφn∞nΘ reflexy. studoval °φzenφ krevnφho ob∞hu a trßvicφho ·strojφ.  1904 - Nobelova cena.                                   Peary Robert Edwin                             6.5.1856  20.2.1920 americk² polßrnφ badatel                       1909 dosßhl jako prvnφ Φlov∞k Severnφho p≤lu.                                                                                           Peck Gregory                                   5.4.1916            americk² herec                                 filmy: Prßzdniny v ╪φm∞, Velkß zem∞, Jak zabφt ptßΦka, Bφlß velryba, Milionovß bankovka aj.                                             PelΘ                                           23.10.1940          brazilsk² fotbalista                           T°ikrßt mistr sv∞ta 1958, 62, 70 , 1281 g≤l∙ za 22 let.                                                                                 Perkins Anthony                                4.4.1932  12.9.1992 americk² herec                                 filmy: Psycho, Bφdnφci, Proces, MeΦ a vßhy, Hlava XXII aj                                                                               Petr I. Velik² AlexejeviΦ                      9.6.1672  8.2.1725  rusk² car                                      Zalo₧il ruskΘ nßmo°nictvo, jeho reformy stßtnφ sprßvy upevnily absolutismus.  Zalo₧il Petrohrad                                         Petrarca Francesko                             20.7.1304 19.7.1374 italsk² humanista a bßsnφk                     dφlo: Zp∞vnφk, Afrika                                                                                                                   Petronius Gaius Arbiter                        asi 25-30 66        °φmsk² spisovatel                              Bßsnφ na dvo°e cφsa°e Nerona - Arbiter elegantiatum                                                                                     Philipe GΘrard                                 4.12.1922 25.11.1959francousk² herec                               filmy: Idiot, ╧ßbel v t∞le, V∞znice parmskß, Fanfßn tulipßn, ╚erven² a Φern², Sedm smrteln²ch h°φch∙, VelkΘ manΘvry, HrßΦ               Piaf Edith                                     19.12.191511.10.1963francouzskß zp∞vaΦka                           v²znamnß p°edstavitelka Üansonu                                                                                                         Picasso Pablo                                  25.10.18818.4.1973  Üpan∞lsk² malφ°, grafik socha°                 obrazy : Guernica, Korea                                                                                                                Piccard Auguste                                28.1.1884 25.3.1962 Üv²carsk² fyzik                                V²stup bal≤nem do stratosvΘry, sestup v batyskafu do mo°sk²ch hlubin                                                                    Pinkerton Allan                                25.8.1819 1.6.1884  anglick² detektiv                              Zakladatel proslulΘ soukromΘ detektivnφ agent∙ry                                                                                        Pizarro Francisco                              1475      1541      Üpan∞lsk² coquistador                          Dobyl °φÜi Ink∙, popravil jejich poslednφho panovnφka Atahuaplu                                                                         Planck Max Karl Ernst Ludwig                   23.4.1858 4.10.1947 n∞meck² teoretick² fyzik                       Studiem zß°enφ absolutn∞ ΦernΘho t∞lesa dosp∞l k zßv∞ru, ₧e energie je vyza°ovanß po kvantech (tzv. Planckova konstanta)                Plat≤n                                         427 p°.n.l347 p°.n.l°eck² filosof                                  Äßk Sokrat∙v a uΦitel Aristolel∙v, zakladatel objektivnφho idealismu, ideolog otrokß°skΘ aristokracie                                   Polo Marco                                     1254      8.1.1324  italsk² cestovatel                             Nejslavn∞jÜφ st°edov∞k² cestovatel a znalec v²chodnφ Asie                                                                               Ponti Carlo                                    11.12.1910          italsk² filmov² producent                      filmy: Horalka, SluneΦnice, Zv∞tÜenina aj.                                                                                              Popov Alexandr StepanoviÜ                      16.3.1859 13.1.1906 rusk² fyzik                                    Zab²val se bezdrßtovou telegrafiφ                                                                                                       PopoviΦ Pavel RomanoviΦ                        5.10.1930           sov∞tsk² kosmonaut, generßlmajor               ╚tvrt² sov∞tsk² kosmonaut, 12.8-15.8.1962...Vostok 4, prvnφ  skupinov² let s lodφ Vostok 3                                              Presley Elvis                                  8.1.1935  16.8.1977 americk² zp∞vßk                                Zp∞vßk populßrnφ hudby, hv∞zda rokenrolu                                                                                                PrΘvert Jaques                                 4.2.1900  12.4.1977 francouzsk² bßsnφk, scenßrista,filmov² pracovnφfilmy: Jenny, ZloΦiny pana Langeho, Podivnß hra, Den zaΦφnß, D∞ti rßje                                                                  Prokofjev Sergej SergejeviΦ                    23.4.1891 5.3.1953  sov∞tsk² skladatel a klavφrista                balety: Popelka, Romeo a Julie.   Hudba k film∙m: Ivan Hrozn², Alexandr N∞vsk²                                                          Prost Alain                                    24.2.1955           francouzsk² jezdec F1                          Nej·sp∞Ün∞jÜφ jezdec historie F1. Mistr sv∞ta 1985 - 86, 1989, 1993                                                                     Pr₧evalskij Nikolaj MichajloviΦ                12.4.1839 1.11.1888 rusk² cestovatel                               Na cestßch do st°ednφ Asie objevil divokΘho kon∞, po n∞m nazvanΘho " k∙≥ P°evalskΘho".                                                  Puccini Giacomo                                22.12.185829.11.1924italsk² skladatel                              dφlo: Manon Lescaut, BohΘma, Tosca, Madame Butterflay, D∞vΦe ze zlatΘho zßpadu, Turandot                                                PuÜkin Alexandr SergejeviΦ                     6.6.1799  10.2.1837 rusk² bßsnφk, prozaik, dramatik                dφlo: Eugen O≥egin, Boris Godunov, Cikßni, Kapitßnskß dcerka, Ruslan a Ludmila, M∞d∞n² jezdec, Pikovß dßma                              Pythagoras ze Samu                             asi 580 p°asi 500 p°°eck² matematik, filosof                       Zab²val se geometriφ. p°ipisuje se mu tzv.Pythagorova v∞ta                                                                              Quinn Anthony                                  21.4.1915           americk² filmov² herec mexickΘho p∙vodu        filmy: Viva Zapata!, Äφze≥ po ₧ivot∞, ╪ek Zorba, Lav pouÜt∞                                                                             Raffael   (vl.j. Raffaelo Santi)               28.3.1483 6.4.1520  italsk² malφ° a architekt                      Obraz: Sixtinskß madona                                                                                                                 Rachmaninov Sergej VasilieviΦ                  1.4.1873  28.3.1943 rusk² skladatel, klavφrista, dirigent          dφlo: Aleko, Franceska da Rimini                                                                                                        Ravel Maurice                                  7.3.1875  28.12.1937francouzsk² skladatel                          Bolero                                                                                                                                  Redford Robert                                 18.8.1937           americk² herec                                 filmy: Podraz, Velk² Gatsby, NesluÜn² nßvrh, T°i dny Kondora, VÜichni prezidentovi mu₧i, Brubaker, ObyΦejnφ lidΘ aj.                    Remarque Erich Maria                           22.6.1898 25.9.1970 n∞meck² prozaik                                dφlo: Na zßpadnφ front∞ klid, Cesta zpßtky, ╚ern² obelisk, T°i kamarßdi, Vφt∞zn² oblouk, Jiskra ₧ivota, Nebe neznß vyvolen²ch           Rembrant Hermensz Van Rijn                     15.7.1606 4.10.1669 holandsk² malφ°, grafik                        obrazy: NoΦnφ hlφdka, Anatomie dr.Tulpana, Diana v lßznφch, Nßvrat ztracenΘho syna, Kristus v Emauzφch                                  Renoir Augusta                                 25.2.1841 3.12.1919 francouzsk² malφ°, grafik, socha°              obrazy: Milenci, Koupajφcφ se ₧eny, Akt na slunci                                                                                       Repin Ilja JefimoviΦ                           5.8.1844  29.9.1930 rusk² malφ°                                    obrazy: Ivan Hrozn², Zßporo₧ci, Burlaci na Volze, Musorgskij, Glinka, Tolstoj, Gorkij                                                   Richelieu Armand Jean                          9.9.1585  4.12.1642 francouzsk² stßtnφk, kardinßl                  Zalo₧il francouzskou akademii                                                                                                           Rimskij-Korsakov Nikolaj AndrejeviΦ            18.3.1844 21.6.1908 rusk² skladatel, pedagog                       dφlo:Mßjovß noc, Sn∞guroΦka, Sadko, Carskß nev∞sta, èehrezßda                                                                           Robeson Paul                                   9.4.1898  19.1.1976 americk² ΦernoÜsk² zp∞vßk, herec               filmy: Lo∩ komediant∙, Basambo                                                                                                          Robespierre Maximilien-Marie-Isidore de        6.5.1758  28.7.1794 francouzsk² politik                            Nejv²znamn∞jÜφ postava VelkΘ francouzskΘ revoluce, v∙dce JakobφnskΘ vlßdy, vlastenec, demokrat - popraven.                              Rodin Auguste                                  12.11.184017.11.1917francousk² socha°                                                                                                                                                                      R÷entgen Wilhelm Conrad                        27.3.1845 10.2.1923 n∞meck² fyzik                                  Studoval pru₧nost, m∞rnß tepla, piezoelekt°inu. Objevil RentgenovΘ zß°enφ. Nobelova cena                                                Rokossovskij Konstantin KonstantinoviΦ         21.12.18963.8.1968  sov∞tsk² vojensk² Φinitel - marÜßl                                                                                                                                                     Rolland Romain                                 29.1.1866 30.12.1944francouzsk² spisovatel                         dφlo: Jan KryÜtov, Okouzlenß duÜe, Dobr² Φlov∞k jeÜt∞ ₧ije, Petr a Lucie      Nobelova cen                                              Roosevelt Franklin Delado                      30.1.1882 12.4.1945 americk² politik a stßtnφk                     Prezident USA v letech 1933 - 1945                                                                                                      Rosewall Ken                                   2.11.1934           australsk² tenista                                                                                                                                                                     Rosche Tony                                    17.5.1945           tenista                                                                                                                                                                                Rossini Gioacchino                             29.2.1792 13.11.1868italsk² skladatel                              dφlo: Lazebnφk Sevillsk², Tancred, Italka v Al₧φru, Turek v Itßlii, Popelka, Straka zlod∞jka, VilΘm Tell                                Rossovß Diana                                  23.3.1944           americkß soulovß zp∞vaΦka                                                                                                                                                              Rousseau Henri  zvan² Celnφk                   21.5.1844 2.9.1914  francouzsk² malφ°                                                                                                                                                                      Rousseau Jean-Jacques                          28.6.1712 2.7.1778  francouzsk² filozof ·dobφ osvφcenectvφ         Jeho myÜlenky ovlivnily ·Φastnφky VelkΘ francouzskΘ revoluce                                                                            Rubens Peter Paul                              28.6.1557 30.5.1640 vlßmsk² malφ° a kreslφ°                        obrazy: DvojportrΘt s chotφ Isabellou, Cudnß Zuzana, Bitva amazonek                                                                     Rumford   (vl.j. Benjamin Thompson)            26.3.1753 21.8.1814 americk² fyzik                                 Zakladatel kinetickΘ teorie tepla                                                                                                       Rutherford Ernest                              30.8.1871 19.101937 anglick² fyzik                                 Studoval radioaktivitu, dokßzal Üt∞penφ atomovΘho jßdra bombardovßnφm Φßsticemi alfa. Nobelova cena                                     Saint-ExupΘry Antoine de                       29.6.1900 31.7.1944 francouzsk² spisovatel, humanista, letec       romßny: NoΦnφ let, Zem∞ lidφ, VßleΦn² pilot, Dopis rukojmφmu                                                                            Sandovß Georgie (vl.j. Aurore Dupinova)        1.7.1804  7.6.1876  francouzskß spisovatelka                       romßny: LΘlia, Francia                                                                                                                  Scoot Robert Falcon                            6.6.1868  ?.3.1912  anglick² polßrnφk                              18.1.1912 dosßhl, 4 t²dny po Amundsenovi Ji₧nφ p≤l. Zahynul p°i zpßteΦnφ cest∞.                                                         Scott Walter                                   15.8.1771 21.9.1832 skotsk² bßsnφk, prozaik                        dφlo: Waverley, Rob Roy, Ivanhoe, Talisman                                                                                              Seneca Lucius Annaeus mladÜφ                   4 p°.n.l. 65        °φmsk² filosof, bßsnφk, politik                tragΘdie: èφlφcφ Herkules, Trojßnky, FoiniΦanky, Faidra, Oidipus                                                                        Shafir Omar                                    10.4.1932           americk² herec egyptskΘho p∙vodu               filmy: Lawrence z Arabie, ╚ingischßn, Petr Velik², Zelen² led aj                                                                        Shakespeare William                            23.4.1564 23.4.1616 anglick² dramatik, bßsnφk                      Sen noci svatojßnskΘ, Zkrocenφ zlΘ ₧eny, Benßtsk² kupec, Romeo a Julie, Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, Krßl Lear                             Shaw George Bernard                            26.7.1856 2.11.1950 anglick² dramatik a spisovatel                 dφlo: Caesar a Kleopatra, Pygmalion, Svatß Jana, Americk² cφsa°                                                                         Schiller Johann Christoph Friedrich            10.11.17599.5.1805  n∞meck² bßsnφk                                 dφlo: Loupe₧nφci, Fiesco, ┌klady a lßsky, Don Carlos, ValdÜtejn, Panna Orleßnskß, VilΘm Tell, Marie Stuartovna, ╙da na radost           Schirra Walter Marty ml.                       12.3.1923           americk² astronaut                             T°etφ americk² kosmonaut, Mercury 8 - 7.3.1962                                                                                          Schliemann Heinrich                            6.1.1822  26.12.1890n∞meck² archeolog                              Vykopal HomΘrovu Tr≤ju, kopal v MykΘnßch                                                                                                Schneiderovß Romy                              23.9.1938 29.5.1982 rakouskß hereΦka                               filmy: Sissi, Proces, Smrt v p°φmΘm p°enosu, P°φzrak lßsky, Starß puÜka aj.                                                             Schubert Franz                                 31.1.1797 19.11.1828rakousk² skladatel                             Napsal p°es 600 pφsnφ, 8 symfoniφ                                                                                                       Schumann Robert                                8.6.1810  29.7.1856 n∞meck² hudebnφ skladatel                      klavφrnφ cykly: Mot²li, Karneval, D∞tskΘ scΘny, Lesnφ scΘny                                                                             Schwarzenegger Arnold                          30.7.1947           americk² herec                                 filmy: Berber Conan, Terminßtor, Komando, Predßtor, DvojΦata, Policajt ze Ükolky aj.                                                    Schweitzer Albert                              14.1.1875 4.9.1965  francouzsk² lΘka°, humanista                   Od roku 1943 ₧il v LambarΘnΘ v Gabunu kde vybudoval nemocnici  1952 Nobelova cena mφr                                                   Sienkiewicz Henry                              5.5.1846  15.11.1916polsk² historick² romanopisec                  dφlo: Ohn∞m a meΦem, Potopa, Pan Wolod²jowski, Quo vadis, K°i₧ßci, PouÜtφ a pralesem    1905 Nobelova cen                               Sinatra Frank                                  12.12.191514.5.1998 americk² zp∞vßk a herec                        filmy: Zvednout kotvy, Odtud a₧ na v∞Φnost, Detektiv                                                                                    Smith Adam                                     5.6.1723  17.7.1790 anglick² ekonom , filozof                      Podal ucelenou soustavu bur₧oaznφ politickΘ ekonomie                                                                                    Sofokles                                       496 p°.n.l406 p°.n.lstaro°eck² dramatik                            dφlo: Elektra, Oidipus krßl, Antigona                                                                                                   Sokrates                                       468 p°.n.l400 p°.n.lstaro°eck² filozof                             Zakladatel novΘ epochy v °eckΘ filozofii, zßkladnφ otßzky spat°uje v problematice Φlov∞ka samΘho                                        Spartacus                                                71 p°.n.l.v∙dce vzpoury otrok∙                           73 p°.n.l. v Capui zorganizoval povstßnφ otrok∙ - 71 p°.n.l. pora₧en Crassem. V bitv∞ padl                                              Spielberg Steven                               18.12.1947          americk² filmov² re₧isΘr                       filmy: ╚elisti, E.T. mimozemÜ¥an, Jursk² park, Schindler∙v seznam, Ztracen² sv∞t aj                                                     Spitz Mark                                     10.2.1950           americk² plavec                                Zlate z OH 1968 (2x) a OH 1972 (7x)                                                                                                     Stalin (D₧ugaÜvili) Josif VissarionoviΦ        21.12.18795.3.1953  sov∞tsk² stranick² a stßtnφ Φinitel            Zaslou₧il se o vφt∞zstvφ socialismu v SSSR a o porß₧ku nacistickΘho N∞mecka a jeho spojenc∙. Jeho systΘm Φistek byl odsouzen            Stallone Sylvester  v.j. S.Gardenzio S.        6.7.1946            americk² herec                                 filmy: Rambo, Cobra, Kriminßl, Tango a Casch, Demolition Man aj.                                                                        Stanislavskij Konstantin SergejeviΦ            17.1.1863 7.8.1938  sov∞tsk² herec a re₧isΘr                                                                                                                                                               Steinbeck John                                 27.2.1902 20.12.1968americk² romanopisec                           dφlo: Hrozny hn∞vu, Na plechßrn∞    Nobelova cena                                                                                       Stendhal                                       23.1.1783 22.3.1842 francouzsk² prozaik                            dφlo: ╚ervenß a Φernß, Äivot Henry Brulorda, Kartouza Parmskß                                                                           Stephenson George                              9.6.1781  12.8.1848 britsk² technik                                1814 postavil svou prvnφ parnφ lokomotivu                                                                                               Stevenson Adlai Ewing                          1850      1894      skotsk² prozaik, esejista                      dφlo: Klub sebevrah∙, Ostrov poklad∙, Podivn² p°φb∞h dr. Jekylla a pana Hyda, ┌nos, Katriona                                            Stradivari  Antonio                            1644      18.12.1737italsk² housla°                                Jeho nßstroje jsou tvarem, vypracovßnφ i kvalitou dodnes vzorem                                                                         Strauss Richard                                11.6.1864 8.9.1949  n∞meck² skladatel, dirigent                    dφlo: Salome, Elektra, R∙₧ov² kavalφr, Arabella, MlΦenlivß ₧ena                                                                         Stravinskij Igor FjodoroviΦ                    5.6.1882  6.4.1971  rusk² skladatel, dirigent                      dφlo: Ptßk Ohnivßk, PetruÜka, Sv∞cenφ jara, Orfeus                                                                                      Streissandovß Barbara                          24.4.1942           americkß hereΦka a zp∞vaΦka                    filmy: Funy Girl, Hello Doly, Zrodila se hv∞zda aj                                                                                      Suvorov Alexandr VasiljeviΦ                    13.11.17296.5.1800  rusk² vojev∙dce                                N∞kolikanßsobn² vφt∞z nad Napoleonov²mi armßdami                                                                                        èaljapin Fjodor IvanoviΦ                       13.2.1873 12.4.1938 rusk² p∞vec                                                                                                                                                                            èolochov Michail AlexandroviΦ                  24.5.1905 21.2.1984 rusk² spisovatel                               dφlo:Tich² Don, RozruÜenß zem∞,                                                                                                         èostakoviΦ Dmitrij DmitrijeviΦ                 25.9.1906 9.8.1975  sov∞tsk² skladatel                             dφlo: 15 symfoniφ, Koncerty, Balety, Operety, Kantßty, Oratoria                                                                         Tacitus Publius Cornelius                      asi 55    asi 120   staro°φmsk² d∞jepisec                          dφlo: Historiea, Annales                                                                                                                Taussigovß Helene Brooke                       24.5.1898 21.5.1986 americkß lΘka°ka                               Pr∙kopnφk d∞tskΘ kardiologie                                                                                                            Taylorovß Elisabeth                            27.2.1932           americkß hereΦka                               Kleopatra                                                                                                                               Teng Siao-pching                               22.8.1904 19.2.1997 Φφnsk² politik                                 ·Φastnφk VelkΘho pochodu, 1954-67 gen.tajemnφk ┌V KS ╚φny                                                                               Tesla Nikola                                   10.7.1856 7.1.1943  americk² vynßlezce chorvßtskΘho p∙vodu         Vynßlezy v oblasti elektrotechniky a sd∞lovacφ techniky, nap°. indukΦnφ elektrick² motor, transformßtor, v²roba elektrickΘ energie      Thßkur Rabφndranßth                            7.5.1861  7.8.1941  bengßlsk² bßsnφk a myslitel                    romßny: Gora, Domov a sv∞t, Ztroskotßnφ, Poslednφ bßse≥            1913 Nobelova cena                                                   Tφm·r                                          9.4.1336  18.2.1405 mongolsk² vlßdce a dobyvatel                   Vlßdl mohutnΘ °φÜi zahrnujφcφ: Turkestßn, Mongolsko, Φßsti Ruska, Indie, Persie, S²rie a MalΘ Asie                                      Tintoreto (vl.j. Jacopo Robusti)               29.9.1518 31.5.1594 benßtsk² malφ°                                                                                                                                                                         Tito - Broz Josip                              25.5.1892 4.5.1980  jugoslßvsk² stßtnφ a stranick² p°edstavitel    Za 2.sv∞tovΘ vßlky vrchnφ velitel osvob.boje. Od 1953 prezident Jugoslßvie                                                              Titov German St∞panoviΦ                        11.9.1935           sov∞tsk² kosmonaut, generßlporuΦφk             Druh² kosmonaut sv∞ta. 6.8.1961 absoloval let v kosmickΘ lodi Vostok 2.                                                                 Tizian  (vl.j. Tiziano Vecellio)               1476/7    27.8.1576 italsk² malφ°                                  obrazy: Kajφcφ se MagdalΘna, Danae                                                                                                      Tolstoj Lev NikolajeviΦ                        9.9.1828  20.11.1910rusk² spisovatel                               romßny : Vojna a mφr, Anna Kareninovß, Kozßci                                                                                           Torricelli Evangelista                         15.10.160825.10.1647italsk² matematik a fyzik                      Navßzal na Galileovo dφlo a dßle je rozvedl.  Zhotovil barometr                                                                         Toscanini Arturo                               25.3.1867 16.1.1957 italsk² dirigent                               Jeden z nejv²znamn∞jÜφch sv∞tov²ch dirigent∙                                                                                            Trevithick Richard                             13.4.1771 22.4.1833 anglick² vynßlezce                             KonstruktΘr prvnφch vysokotlak²ch parnφch stroj∙                                                                                        Trockij Lev DavidoviΦ                          26.10.187921.4.1940 rusk² a sov∞tsk² politik                       1921 zbaven moci, 1929 vyhoÜt∞n z SSSR, 1940 zavra₧d∞n                                                                                  Tupolev Andrej NikolajeviΦ                     10.11.188823.12.1972sov∞tsk² leteck² konstruktΘr                   KonstruktΘr letadel nap°. Tu-104, Tu-114                                                                                                Turgen∞v Ivan SergejeviΦ                       9.11.1818 3.9.1883  rusk² spisovatel                               dφlo: Lovcovy zßpisky, Rudin, èlechtickΘ sφdlo, OtcovΘ a d∞ti                                                                           Twain Mark (vl.j.Samuel Langhorne Clemens)     30.11.183521.4.1910 americk² spisovatel                            romßny: Dobrodru₧stvφ Toma Sawyera, Dobrodru₧stvφ Huckleberryho Finna, Jak jsem se protloukal, Tajemn² cizinec                          Velazquez Diego Rodriguez de Silva Y           6.6.1599  7.8.1660  Üpan∞lsk² malφ°                                Pr∙kopnφk novΘho zp∙sobu malby                                                                                                          Verdi Giuseppe                                 10.10.181327.1.1901 italsk² skladatel                              dφlo: Nabucco, Attila, Rigoletto, Trubad·r, Traviata, SicilskΘ neÜpory, MaÜkarnφ ples, Don Carlos, Aida, Othello                        Vergilius Publius Maro                         15.10.70p°21.9.19 p°°φmsk² bßsnφk                                  dφlo: Zp∞vy past²°skΘ, RolnickΘ zp∞vy                                                                                                   Verne Jules                                    8.2.1828  24.3.1905 francouzsk² prozaik, dramatik                  dφlo: Cesta na M∞sφc, D∞ti kapitßna Granta, Dvacet tisφc mil pod mo°em, Tajupln² ostrov, Vynßlez zkßzy, Dva roky prßzdnin, Robur DobyvatViklef Jan                                     1320      31.12.1384anglick² bohoslovec                            Prvnφ p°edstavitel reformace cφrkve                                                                                                     VilΘm I. Dobyvatel                             1027      9.9.1087  anglick² krßl                                  Normandsk² vΘvoda - dobyl Anglii                                                                                                        Volta Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio    18.2.1745 5.3.1827  italsk² fyzik                                  Dokßzal, ₧e jevy pozorovßny Galvanim jsou zp∙sobovßny elekt°inou. Prvnφ el.baterie                                                      Voltaire                                       21.11.169430.5.1778 francouzsk² filosof, bßsnφk, dramatik, historikP°edstavitel starÜφ osvφceneckΘ generace, kterß ₧ßdala reformy absolutismu, nikoli jeÜt∞ revoluci                                       Wagner Richard                                 22.5.1813 13.2.1883 n∞meck² skladatel, bßsnφk                      dφlo: Bludn² holan∩an, Lohengrin. Tristan a Isolda, Mist°i p∞vci NorimberÜtφ                                                            Wajda Andrzej                                  6.3.1926            polsk² re₧isΘr                                 filmy: ╚lov∞k z mramoru, Dirigent, Danton, B∞si aj                                                                                      Waltari Mika                                   19.9.1908 27.8.1979 finsk² spisovatel historick²ch romßn∙          Egyp¥an Sinuhet, Jahanes Angelos                                                                                                        Washington George                              22.2.1732 13.12.1799americk² stßtnφk                               Prvnφ president USA ( 1789 - 1797 )                                                                                                     Watt James                                     19.1.1736 19.8.1819 anglick² fyzik                                 Vynßlezce parnφho stroje                                                                                                                Watteau Antoine                                10.10.168418.7.1721 francouzsk² malφ°                              Nejv²znamn∞jÜφ osobnost francouzskΘho v²tvarnΘho um∞nφ 18.stoletφ                                                                       Weber Carl Maria Von                           18.11.17865.6.1826  n∞meck² skladatel, klavφrista                  dφlo: ╚arost°elec, Euryanta, Oberon                                                                                                     Welchovß Raquel  v.j. Maria Tejada             5.9.1942            americkß hereΦka                               filmy: Fantom, Bandolero, Sto puÜek, T°i muÜket²°i aj                                                                                   Westovß Mae                                    17.8.1892 22.11.1980americkß hereΦka                               filmy: Noc co noc, Jß nejsem and∞l, Jak jß to d∞lßm aj.                                                                                 Wiener Norbert                                 26.11.189418.3.1964 americk² matematik                             Zakladatel v∞deckΘ kybernetiky                                                                                                          Wilson Thomas Woodrow                          28.12.18563.2.1924  americk² stßtnφk                               28. president USA    1919 Nobelova cena mφru                                                                                            Wright Orwille                                 19.8.1871 30.1.1948 americk² technik                               Pr∙kopnφk letectvφ. se sv²m bratrem uskuteΦnil prvnφ delÜφ let motorov²m letadlem                                                       York Michael                                   27.3.1942           britsk² herec                                  filmy: Zkrocenφ zlΘ ₧eny, Ostrov dr. Moreaua, T°i muÜket²°i aj                                                                          Zappa Frank                                    21.12.19404.12.1993 americk² zp∞vßk                                                                                                                                                                        Zeppelin Ferdinand                             8.7.1838  8.3.1917  n∞meck² konstruktΘr                            KonstruktΘr vzducholodi                                                                                                                 Zola ╔mile                                     2.4.1840  29.9.1902 francouzsk² romanopisec                        dφlo: ètvanice, B°icho Pa°φ₧e, Zabijßk, Germinal, Lidskß bestie, Penφze, Rozvrat