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tree.c
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/* Copyright (C) 2000 MySQL AB & MySQL Finland AB & TCX DataKonsult AB
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Library General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
License along with this library; if not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston,
MA 02111-1307, USA */
/*
Code for handling red-black (balanced) binary trees.
key in tree is allocated accrding to following:
1) If free_element function is given to init_tree or size < 0 then tree
will not allocate keys and only a pointer to each key is saved in tree.
key_sizes must be 0 to init and search.
compare and search functions uses and returns key-pointer.
2) if key_size is given to init_tree then each node will continue the
key and calls to insert_key may increase length of key.
if key_size > sizeof(pointer) and key_size is a multiple of 8 (double
allign) then key will be put on a 8 alligned adress. Else
the key will be on adress (element+1). This is transparent for user
compare and search functions uses a pointer to given key-argument.
3) If init_tree - keysize is 0 then key_size must be given to tree_insert
and tree_insert will alloc space for key.
compare and search functions uses a pointer to given key-argument.
The actual key in TREE_ELEMENT is saved as a pointer or after the
TREE_ELEMENT struct.
If one uses only pointers in tree one can use tree_set_pointer() to
change address of data.
Copyright Monty Program KB.
By monty.
*/
#include "mysys_priv.h"
#include <m_string.h>
#include <my_tree.h>
#define BLACK 1
#define RED 0
#define DEFAULT_ALLOC_SIZE (8192-MALLOC_OVERHEAD)
static void delete_tree_element(TREE *,TREE_ELEMENT *);
static int tree_walk_left_root_right(TREE *,TREE_ELEMENT *,
tree_walk_action,void *);
static int tree_walk_right_root_left(TREE *,TREE_ELEMENT *,
tree_walk_action,void *);
static void left_rotate(TREE_ELEMENT **parent,TREE_ELEMENT *leaf);
static void right_rotate(TREE_ELEMENT **parent, TREE_ELEMENT *leaf);
static void rb_insert(TREE *tree,TREE_ELEMENT ***parent,
TREE_ELEMENT *leaf);
static void rb_delete_fixup(TREE *tree,TREE_ELEMENT ***parent);
/* The actuall code for handling binary trees */
void init_tree(TREE *tree, uint default_alloc_size, int size,
qsort_cmp compare, my_bool with_delete,
void (*free_element) (void *))
{
DBUG_ENTER("init_tree");
DBUG_PRINT("enter",("tree: %lx size: %d",tree,size));
if (!default_alloc_size)
default_alloc_size= DEFAULT_ALLOC_SIZE;
bzero((gptr) &tree->null_element,sizeof(tree->null_element));
tree->root= &tree->null_element;
tree->compare=compare;
tree->size_of_element=size > 0 ? (uint) size : 0;
tree->free=free_element;
tree->elements_in_tree=0;
tree->null_element.colour=BLACK;
tree->null_element.left=tree->null_element.right=0;
if (!free_element && size >= 0 &&
((uint) size <= sizeof(void*) || ((uint) size & (sizeof(void*)-1))))
{
tree->offset_to_key=sizeof(TREE_ELEMENT); /* Put key after element */
/* Fix allocation size so that we don't loose any memory */
default_alloc_size/=(sizeof(TREE_ELEMENT)+size);
if (!default_alloc_size)
default_alloc_size=1;
default_alloc_size*=(sizeof(TREE_ELEMENT)+size);
}
else
{
tree->offset_to_key=0; /* use key through pointer */
tree->size_of_element+=sizeof(void*);
}
if (!(tree->with_delete=with_delete))
{
init_alloc_root(&tree->mem_root, default_alloc_size,0);
tree->mem_root.min_malloc=(sizeof(TREE_ELEMENT)+tree->size_of_element);
}
DBUG_VOID_RETURN;
}
void delete_tree(TREE *tree)
{
DBUG_ENTER("delete_tree");
DBUG_PRINT("enter",("tree: %lx",tree));
if (tree->root) /* If initialized */
{
if (tree->with_delete)
delete_tree_element(tree,tree->root);
else
{
if (tree->free)
delete_tree_element(tree,tree->root);
free_root(&tree->mem_root,MYF(0));
}
}
tree->root= &tree->null_element;
tree->elements_in_tree=0;
DBUG_VOID_RETURN;
}
static void delete_tree_element(TREE *tree, TREE_ELEMENT *element)
{
if (element != &tree->null_element)
{
delete_tree_element(tree,element->left);
delete_tree_element(tree,element->right);
if (tree->free)
(*tree->free)(ELEMENT_KEY(tree,element));
if (tree->with_delete)
my_free((void*) element,MYF(0));
}
}
/* Code for insert, search and delete of elements */
/* parent[0] = & parent[-1][0]->left ||
parent[0] = & parent[-1][0]->right */
TREE_ELEMENT *tree_insert(TREE *tree, void *key, uint key_size)
{
int cmp;
TREE_ELEMENT *element,***parent;
parent= tree->parents;
*parent = &tree->root; element= tree->root;
for (;;)
{
if (element == &tree->null_element ||
(cmp=(*tree->compare)(ELEMENT_KEY(tree,element),key)) == 0)
break;
if (cmp < 0)
{
*++parent= &element->right; element= element->right;
}
else
{
*++parent = &element->left; element= element->left;
}
}
if (element == &tree->null_element)
{
key_size+=tree->size_of_element;
if (tree->with_delete)
element=(TREE_ELEMENT *) my_malloc(sizeof(TREE_ELEMENT)+key_size,
MYF(MY_WME));
else
element=(TREE_ELEMENT *)
alloc_root(&tree->mem_root,sizeof(TREE_ELEMENT)+key_size);
if (!element)
return(NULL);
**parent=element;
element->left=element->right= &tree->null_element;
if (!tree->offset_to_key)
{
if (key_size == sizeof(void*)) /* no length, save pointer */
*((void**) (element+1))=key;
else
{
*((void**) (element+1))= (void*) ((void **) (element+1)+1);
memcpy((byte*) *((void **) (element+1)),key,
(size_t) (key_size-sizeof(void*)));
}
}
else
memcpy((byte*) element+tree->offset_to_key,key,(size_t) key_size);
element->count=1; /* May give warning in purify */
tree->elements_in_tree++;
rb_insert(tree,parent,element); /* rebalance tree */
}
else
element->count++;
return element;
}
int tree_delete(TREE *tree, void *key)
{
int cmp,remove_colour;
TREE_ELEMENT *element,***parent, ***org_parent, *nod;
if (!tree->with_delete)
return 1; /* not allowed */
parent= tree->parents;
*parent= &tree->root; element= tree->root;
for (;;)
{
if (element == &tree->null_element)
return 1; /* Was not in tree */
if ((cmp=(*tree->compare)(ELEMENT_KEY(tree,element),key)) == 0)
break;
if (cmp < 0)
{
*++parent= &element->right; element= element->right;
}
else
{
*++parent = &element->left; element= element->left;
}
}
if (element->left == &tree->null_element)
{
(**parent)=element->right;
remove_colour= element->colour;
}
else if (element->right == &tree->null_element)
{
(**parent)=element->left;
remove_colour= element->colour;
}
else
{
org_parent= parent;
*++parent= &element->right; nod= element->right;
while (nod->left != &tree->null_element)
{
*++parent= &nod->left; nod= nod->left;
}
(**parent)=nod->right; /* unlink nod from tree */
remove_colour= nod->colour;
org_parent[0][0]=nod; /* put y in place of element */
org_parent[1]= &nod->right;
nod->left=element->left;
nod->right=element->right;
nod->colour=element->colour;
}
if (remove_colour == BLACK)
rb_delete_fixup(tree,parent);
my_free((gptr) element,MYF(0));
tree->elements_in_tree--;
return 0;
}
void *tree_search(TREE *tree, void *key)
{
int cmp;
TREE_ELEMENT *element=tree->root;
for (;;)
{
if (element == &tree->null_element)
return (void*) 0;
if ((cmp=(*tree->compare)(ELEMENT_KEY(tree,element),key)) == 0)
return ELEMENT_KEY(tree,element);
if (cmp < 0)
element=element->right;
else
element=element->left;
}
}
int tree_walk(TREE *tree, tree_walk_action action, void *argument, TREE_WALK visit)
{
switch (visit) {
case left_root_right:
return tree_walk_left_root_right(tree,tree->root,action,argument);
case right_root_left:
return tree_walk_right_root_left(tree,tree->root,action,argument);
}
return 0; /* Keep gcc happy */
}
static int tree_walk_left_root_right(TREE *tree, TREE_ELEMENT *element, tree_walk_action action, void *argument)
{
int error;
if (element->left) /* Not null_element */
{
if ((error=tree_walk_left_root_right(tree,element->left,action,
argument)) == 0 &&
(error=(*action)(ELEMENT_KEY(tree,element),
(element_count) element->count,
argument)) == 0)
error=tree_walk_left_root_right(tree,element->right,action,argument);
return error;
}
return 0;
}
static int tree_walk_right_root_left(TREE *tree, TREE_ELEMENT *element, tree_walk_action action, void *argument)
{
int error;
if (element->right) /* Not null_element */
{
if ((error=tree_walk_right_root_left(tree,element->right,action,
argument)) == 0 &&
(error=(*action)(ELEMENT_KEY(tree,element),
(element_count) element->count,
argument)) == 0)
error=tree_walk_right_root_left(tree,element->left,action,argument);
return error;
}
return 0;
}
/* Functions to fix up the tree after insert and delete */
static void left_rotate(TREE_ELEMENT **parent, TREE_ELEMENT *leaf)
{
TREE_ELEMENT *y;
y=leaf->right;
leaf->right=y->left;
parent[0]=y;
y->left=leaf;
}
static void right_rotate(TREE_ELEMENT **parent, TREE_ELEMENT *leaf)
{
TREE_ELEMENT *x;
x=leaf->left;
leaf->left=x->right;
parent[0]=x;
x->right=leaf;
}
static void rb_insert(TREE *tree, TREE_ELEMENT ***parent, TREE_ELEMENT *leaf)
{
TREE_ELEMENT *y,*par,*par2;
leaf->colour=RED;
while (leaf != tree->root && (par=parent[-1][0])->colour == RED)
{
if (par == (par2=parent[-2][0])->left)
{
y= par2->right;
if (y->colour == RED)
{
par->colour=BLACK;
y->colour=BLACK;
leaf=par2;
parent-=2;
leaf->colour=RED; /* And the loop continues */
}
else
{
if (leaf == par->right)
{
left_rotate(parent[-1],par);
par=leaf; /* leaf is now parent to old leaf */
}
par->colour=BLACK;
par2->colour=RED;
right_rotate(parent[-2],par2);
break;
}
}
else
{
y= par2->left;
if (y->colour == RED)
{
par->colour=BLACK;
y->colour=BLACK;
leaf=par2;
parent-=2;
leaf->colour=RED; /* And the loop continues */
}
else
{
if (leaf == par->left)
{
right_rotate(parent[-1],par);
par=leaf;
}
par->colour=BLACK;
par2->colour=RED;
left_rotate(parent[-2],par2);
break;
}
}
}
tree->root->colour=BLACK;
}
static void rb_delete_fixup(TREE *tree, TREE_ELEMENT ***parent)
{
TREE_ELEMENT *x,*w,*par;
x= **parent;
while (x != tree->root && x->colour == BLACK)
{
if (x == (par=parent[-1][0])->left)
{
w=par->right;
if (w->colour == RED)
{
w->colour=BLACK;
par->colour=RED;
left_rotate(parent[-1],par);
parent[0]= &w->left;
*++parent= &par->left;
w=par->right;
}
if (w->left->colour == BLACK && w->right->colour == BLACK)
{
w->colour=RED;
x=par;
parent--;
}
else
{
if (w->right->colour == BLACK)
{
w->left->colour=BLACK;
w->colour=RED;
right_rotate(&par->right,w);
w=par->right;
}
w->colour=par->colour;
par->colour=BLACK;
w->right->colour=BLACK;
left_rotate(parent[-1],par);
x=tree->root;
break;
}
}
else
{
w=par->left;
if (w->colour == RED)
{
w->colour=BLACK;
par->colour=RED;
right_rotate(parent[-1],par);
parent[0]= &w->right;
*++parent= &par->right;
w=par->left;
}
if (w->right->colour == BLACK && w->left->colour == BLACK)
{
w->colour=RED;
x=par;
parent--;
}
else
{
if (w->left->colour == BLACK)
{
w->right->colour=BLACK;
w->colour=RED;
left_rotate(&par->left,w);
w=par->left;
}
w->colour=par->colour;
par->colour=BLACK;
w->left->colour=BLACK;
right_rotate(parent[-1],par);
x=tree->root;
break;
}
}
}
x->colour=BLACK;
}
#ifdef TESTING_TREES
/* Test that the proporties for a red-black tree holds */
static int test_rb_tree(TREE_ELEMENT *element)
{
int count_l,count_r;
if (!element->left)
return 0; /* Found end of tree */
if (element->colour == RED &&
(element->left->colour == RED || element->right->colour == RED))
{
printf("Wrong tree: Found two red in a row\n");
return -1;
}
count_l=test_rb_tree(element->left);
count_r=test_rb_tree(element->right);
if (count_l >= 0 && count_r >= 0)
{
if (count_l == count_r)
return count_l+(element->colour == BLACK);
printf("Wrong tree: Incorrect black-count: %d - %d\n",count_l,count_r);
}
return -1;
}
#endif