Chip: Shareware for Win 95/Chip-Shareware-Win95.bin/ostatni/powerj/java.z/String.java

Java Source | 1996-05-03 | 26.9 KB | 922 lines

/*
 * @(#)String.java    1.60 96/03/28
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1994 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software
 * and its documentation for NON-COMMERCIAL purposes and without
 * fee is hereby granted provided that this copyright notice
 * appears in all copies. Please refer to the file "copyright.html"
 * for further important copyright and licensing information.
 *
 * SUN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES ABOUT THE SUITABILITY OF
 * THE SOFTWARE, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
 * TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
 * PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. SUN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR
 * ANY DAMAGES SUFFERED BY LICENSEE AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR
 * DISTRIBUTING THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS DERIVATIVES.
 */

package java.lang;

import java.util.Hashtable;

/**
 * A general class of objects to represent character Strings.
 * Strings are constant, their values cannot be changed after creation.
 * The compiler makes sure that each String constant actually results
 * in a String object. Because String objects are immutable they can
 * be shared. For example:
 * <pre>
 *    String str = "abc";
 * </pre>
 * is equivalent to:
 * <pre>
 *    char data[] = {'a', 'b', 'c'};
 *    String str = new String(data);
 * </pre>
 * Here are some more examples of how strings can be used:
 * <pre>
 *     System.out.println("abc");
 *     String cde = "cde";
 *     System.out.println("abc" + cde);
 *    String c = "abc".substring(2,3);
 *    String d = cde.substring(1, 2);
 * </pre>
 * @see        StringBuffer
 * @version     1.60, 28 Mar 1996
 * @author     Lee Boynton
 * @author    Arthur van Hoff
 */
public final
class String {
    /** The value is used for character storage. */
    private char value[];

    /** The offset is the first index of the storage that is used. */
    private int offset;

    /** The count is the number of characters in the String. */
    private int count;

    /**
     * Constructs a new empty String.
     */
    public String() {
    value = new char[0];
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new String that is a copy of the specified String.
     * @param value the initial value of the String
     */
    public String(String value) {
    count = value.length();
    this.value = new char[count];
    value.getChars(0, count, this.value, 0);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new String whose initial value is the specified array
     * of characters.
     * @param value the initial value of the String
     */
    public String(char value[]) {
    this.count = value.length;
    this.value = new char[count];
    System.arraycopy(value, 0, this.value, 0, count);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new String whose initial value is the specified sub array of characters.
     * The length of the new string will be count characters
     * starting at offset within the specified character array.
     * @param value    the initial value of the String, an array of characters
     * @param offset    the offset into the value of the String
     * @param count     the length of the value of the String
     * @exception StringIndexOutOfBoundsException If the offset and count arguments are invalid.
     */
    public String(char value[], int offset, int count) {
    if (offset < 0) {
        throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset);
    }
    if (count < 0) {
        throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(count);
    }
    if (offset + count > value.length) {
        throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset + count);
    }

    this.value = new char[count];
    this.count = count;
    System.arraycopy(value, offset, this.value, 0, count);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new String whose initial value is the specified subarray of bytes.
     * The high-byte of each character can be specified, it should usually be 0.
     * The length of the new String will be count characters
     * starting at offset within the specified character array.
     * @param ascii    the bytes that will be converted to characters
     * @param hibyte    the high byte of each Unicode character
     * @param offset    the offset into the ascii array
     * @param count     the length of the String
     * @exception StringIndexOutOfBoundsException If the offset and count arguments are invalid.
     */
    public String(byte ascii[], int hibyte, int offset, int count) {
    if (offset < 0) {
        throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset);
    }
    if (count < 0) {
        throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(count);
    }
    if (offset + count > ascii.length) {
        throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset + count);
    }

    char value[] = new char[count];
    this.count = count;
    this.value = value;

    if (hibyte == 0) {
        for (int i = count ; i-- > 0 ;) {
        value[i] = (char) (ascii[i + offset] & 0xff);
        }
    } else {
        hibyte <<= 8;
        for (int i = count ; i-- > 0 ;) {
        value[i] = (char) (hibyte | (ascii[i + offset] & 0xff));
        }
    }
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new String whose value is the specified array of bytes.
     * The byte array is transformed into Unicode chars using hibyte
     * as the upper byte of each character.
     * @param ascii    the byte that will be converted to characters
     * @param hibyte    the top 8 bits of each 16 bit Unicode character
     */
    public String(byte ascii[], int hibyte) {
    this(ascii, hibyte, 0, ascii.length);
    }


    /**
     * Construct a new string whose value is the current contents of the
     * given string buffer
     * @param buffer     the stringbuffer to be converted
     */
    public String (StringBuffer buffer) {
    synchronized(buffer) {
        buffer.setShared();
        this.value = buffer.getValue();
        this.offset = 0;
        this.count = buffer.length();
    }
    }


    // Private constructor which shares value array for speed.
    private String(int offset, int count, char value[]) {
    this.value = value;
    this.offset = offset;
    this.count = count;
    }


    /**
     * Returns the length of the String.
     * The length of the String is equal to the number of 16 bit
     * Unicode characters in the String.
     */
    public int length() {
    return count;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the character at the specified index. An index ranges
     * from <tt>0</tt> to <tt>length() - 1</tt>.
     * @param index    the index of the desired character
     * @exception    StringIndexOutOfBoundsException If the index is not
     *            in the range <tt>0</tt> to <tt>length()-1</tt>.
     */
    public char charAt(int index) {
    if ((index < 0) || (index >= count)) {
        throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
    }
    return value[index + offset];
    }

    /**
     * Copies characters from this String into the specified character array.
     * The characters of the specified substring (determined by
     * srcBegin and srcEnd) are copied into the character array,
     * starting at the array's dstBegin location.
     * @param srcBegin    index of the first character in the string
     * @param srcEnd    end of the characters that are copied
     * @param dst        the destination array
     * @param dstBegin    the start offset in the destination array
     */
    public void getChars(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, char dst[], int dstBegin) {
    System.arraycopy(value, offset + srcBegin, dst, dstBegin, srcEnd - srcBegin);
    }

    /**
     * Copies characters from this String into the specified byte array.
     * Copies the characters of the specified substring (determined by
     * srcBegin and srcEnd) into the byte array, starting at the
     * array's dstBegin location.
     * @param srcBegin    index of the first character in the String
     * @param srcEnd    end of the characters that are copied
     * @param dst        the destination array
     * @param dstBegin    the start offset in the destination array
     */
    public void getBytes(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, byte dst[], int dstBegin) {
    int j = dstBegin;
    int n = offset + srcEnd;
    int i = offset + srcBegin;
    while (i < n) {
        dst[j++] = (byte)value[i++];
    }
    }

    /**
     * Compares this String to the specified object.
     * Returns true if the object is equal to this String; that is,
     * has the same length and the same characters in the same sequence.
     * @param anObject    the object to compare this String against
     * @return     true if the Strings are equal; false otherwise.
     */
    public boolean equals(Object anObject) {
    if ((anObject != null) && (anObject instanceof String)) {
        String anotherString = (String)anObject;
        int n = count;
        if (n == anotherString.count) {
        char v1[] = value;
        char v2[] = anotherString.value;;
        int i = offset;
        int j = anotherString.offset;
        while (n-- != 0) {
            if (v1[i++] != v2[j++]) {
            return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
    }

    /**
     * Compares this String to another object.
     * Returns true if the object is equal to this String; that is,
     * has the same length and the same characters in the same sequence.
     * Upper case characters are folded to lower case before
     * they are compared.
     * @param anotherString    the String to compare this String against
     * @return     true if the Strings are equal, ignoring case; false otherwise.
     */
    public boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String anotherString) {
    return (anotherString != null) && (anotherString.count == count) &&
        regionMatches(true, 0, anotherString, 0, count);
    }

    /**
     * Compares this String to another specified String.
     * Returns an integer that is less than, equal to, or greater than zero.
     * The integer's value depends on whether this String is less than, equal to, or greater
     * than anotherString.
     * @param anotherString the String to be compared
     */
    public int compareTo(String anotherString) {
    int len1 = count;
    int len2 = anotherString.count;
    int n = Math.min(len1, len2);
    char v1[] = value;
    char v2[] = anotherString.value;
    int i = offset;
    int j = anotherString.offset;

    while (n-- != 0) {
        char c1 = v1[i++];
        char c2 = v2[j++];
        if (c1 != c2) {
        return c1 - c2;
        }
    }
    return len1 - len2;
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether a region of this String matches the specified region
     * of the specified String.
     * @param toffset    where to start looking in this String
     * @param other     the other String
     * @param ooffset    where to start looking in the other String
     * @param len       the number of characters to compare
     * @return          true if the region matches with the other; false otherwise.
     */
    public boolean regionMatches(int toffset, String other, int ooffset, int len) {
    char ta[] = value;
    int to = offset + toffset;
    int tlim = offset + count;
    char pa[] = other.value;
    int po = other.offset + ooffset;
    int plim = po + other.count;
    if ((ooffset < 0) || (toffset < 0) || (to + len > tlim) || (po + len > plim)) {
        return false;
    }
    while (len-- > 0) {
        if (ta[to++] != pa[po++]) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether a region of this String matches the specified region
     * of the specified String.  If the boolean ignoreCase is true, upper case characters are
     * considered equivalent to lower case letters.
     * @param ignoreCase if true, case is ignored
     * @param toffset    where to start looking in this String
     * @param other     the other String
     * @param ooffset    where to start looking in the other String
     * @param len       the number of characters to compare
     * @return          true if the region matches with the other; false otherwise.
     */
    public boolean regionMatches(boolean ignoreCase,
                         int toffset,
                           String other, int ooffset, int len) {
    char ta[] = value;
    int to = offset + toffset;
    int tlim = offset + count;
    char pa[] = other.value;
    int po = other.offset + ooffset;
    int plim = po + other.count;
    if ((ooffset < 0) || (toffset < 0) || (to + len > tlim) || (po + len > plim)) {
        return false;
    }
    while (len-- > 0) {
        char c1 = ta[to++];
        char c2 = pa[po++];
        if (c1 == c2)
        continue;
        if (ignoreCase) {
        // If characters don't match but case may be ignored,
        // try converting both characters to uppercase.
        // If the results match, then the comparison scan should
        // continue.
        char u1 = Character.toUpperCase(c1);
        char u2 = Character.toUpperCase(c2);
        if (u1 == u2)
            continue;
        // Unfortunately, conversion to uppercase does not work properly
        // for the Georgian alphabet, which has strange rules about case
        // conversion.  So we need to make one last check before
        // exiting.
        if (Character.toLowerCase(u1) == Character.toLowerCase(u2))
            continue;
        }
        return false;
    }
    return true;
    }


    /**
     * Determines whether this String starts with some prefix.
     * @param prefix    the prefix
     * @param toffset    where to begin looking in the the String
     * @return         true if the String starts with the specified prefix; false otherwise.
     */
    public boolean startsWith(String prefix, int toffset) {
    char ta[] = value;
    int to = offset + toffset;
    int tlim = offset + count;
    char pa[] = prefix.value;
    int po = prefix.offset;
    int pc = prefix.count;
    int plim = po + pc;
    if ((toffset < 0) || (to + pc > tlim)) {
        return false;
    }
    while (--pc >= 0) {
        if (ta[to++] != pa[po++]) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether this String starts with some prefix.
     * @param prefix    the prefix
     * @return         true if the String starts with the specified prefix; false otherwise.
     */
    public boolean startsWith(String prefix) {
    return startsWith(prefix, 0);
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether the String ends with some suffix.
     * @param suffix    the suffix
     * @return         true if the String ends with the specified suffix; false otherwise.
     */
    public boolean endsWith(String suffix) {
    return startsWith(suffix, count - suffix.count);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a hashcode for this String. This is a large
     * number composed of the character values in the String.
     */
    public int hashCode() {
    int h = 0;
    int off = offset;
    char val[] = value;
    int len = count;

    if (len < 16) {
        for (int i = len ; i > 0; i--) {
        h = (h * 37) + val[off++];
        }
    } else {
        // only sample some characters
        int skip = len / 8;
        for (int i = len ; i > 0; i -= skip, off += skip) {
        h = (h * 39) + val[off];
        }
    }
    return h;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the index within this String of the first occurrence of the specified
     * character.  This method returns -1 if the index is not found.
     * @param ch    the character to search for
     */
    public int indexOf(int ch) {
    return indexOf(ch, 0);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the index within this String of the first occurrence of the specified
     * character, starting the search at fromIndex.  This method
     * returns -1 if the index is not found.
     * @param ch    the character to search for
     * @param fromIndex    the index to start the search from
     */
    public int indexOf(int ch, int fromIndex) {
    int max = offset + count;
    char v[] = value;

    for (int i = offset + fromIndex ; i < max ; i++) {
        if (v[i] == ch) {
        return i - offset;
        }
    }
    return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the index within this String of the last occurrence of the specified character.
     * The String is searched backwards starting at the last character.
     * This method returns -1 if the index is not found.
     * @param ch    the character to search for
     */
    public int lastIndexOf(int ch) {
    return lastIndexOf(ch, count - 1);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the index within this String of the last occurrence of the specified character.
     * The String is searched backwards starting at fromIndex.
     * This method returns -1 if the index is not found.
     * @param ch    the character to search for
     * @param fromIndex    the index to start the search from
     */
    public int lastIndexOf(int ch, int fromIndex) {
    int min = offset;
    char v[] = value;

    for (int i = offset + ((fromIndex >= count) ? count - 1 : fromIndex) ; i >= min ; i--) {
        if (v[i] == ch) {
        return i - offset;
        }
    }
    return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the index within this String of the first occurrence of the specified substring.
     * This method returns -1 if the index is not found.
     * @param str     the substring to search for
     */
    public int indexOf(String str) {
    return indexOf(str, 0);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the index within this String of the first occurrence of the specified substring.
     * The search is started at fromIndex.
     * This method returns -1 if the index is not found.
     * @param str     the substring to search for
     * @param fromIndex    the index to start the search from
     */
    public int indexOf(String str, int fromIndex) {
    char v1[] = value;
    char v2[] = str.value;
    int max = offset + (count - str.count);
      test:
    for (int i = offset + ((fromIndex < 0) ? 0 : fromIndex); i <= max ; i++) {
        int n = str.count;
        int j = i;
        int k = str.offset;
        while (n-- != 0) {
        if (v1[j++] != v2[k++]) {
            continue test;
        }
        }
        return i - offset;
    }
    return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the index within this String of the rightmost occurrence
     * of the specified substring.  The rightmost empty string "" is
     * considered to occur at the index value this.length().
     * This method returns -1 if the index is not found.
     * @param str     the substring to search for
     */
    public int lastIndexOf(String str) {
    return lastIndexOf(str, count);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the index within this String of the last occurrence of
     * the specified substring.
     * The returned index indicates the start of the substring, and it
     * must be equal to or less than fromIndex.
     * This method returns -1 if the index is not found.
     * @param str     the substring to search for
     * @param fromIndex    the index to start the search from
     */
    public int lastIndexOf(String str, int fromIndex) {

    /* Check arguments; return immediately where possible.
     * Deliberately not checking for null str, to be consistent with
     * with other String methods.
     */
    if (fromIndex < 0) {
        return -1;
    } else if (fromIndex > count - str.count) {
        fromIndex = count - str.count;
    }

    /* Empty string always matches. */
    if (str.count == 0) {
        return fromIndex;
    }

    /* Find the rightmost substring match. */
    char v1[] = value;
    char v2[] = str.value;

    for (int i = offset + fromIndex; i >= offset; --i) {
        int n = str.count;
        int thisIndex = i;
        int strIndex = str.offset;
        while (v1[thisIndex++] == v2[strIndex++]) {
        if (--n <= 0) {
            return i - offset;
        }
        }
    }
    return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the substring of this String. The substring is specified
     * by a beginIndex (inclusive) and the end of the string.
     * @param beginIndex the beginning index, inclusive
     */
    public String substring(int beginIndex) {
    return substring(beginIndex, length());
    }

    /**
     * Returns the substring of a String. The substring is specified
     * by a beginIndex (inclusive) and an endIndex (exclusive).
     * @param beginIndex the beginning index, inclusive
     * @param endIndex the ending index, exclusive
     * @exception StringIndexOutOfBoundsException If the beginIndex or the endIndex is out
     * of range.
     */
    public String substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex) {
    if (beginIndex > endIndex) {
        int tmp = beginIndex;
        beginIndex = endIndex;
        endIndex = tmp;
    }
    if (beginIndex < 0) {
        throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(beginIndex);
    }
    if (endIndex > count) {
        throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(endIndex);
    }
    return ((beginIndex == 0) && (endIndex == count)) ? this :
        new String(offset + beginIndex, endIndex - beginIndex, value);
    }

    /**
     * Concatenates the specified string to the end of this String and
     * returns a new String object representing the concatenation.
     * @param str    the String which is concatenated to the end of this String
     * @return the concatenated String
     */
    public String concat(String str) {
    int otherLen = str.length();
    if (otherLen == 0) {
        return this;
    }
    char buf[] = new char[count + otherLen];
    getChars(0, count, buf, 0);
    str.getChars(0, otherLen, buf, count);
    return new String(0, count + otherLen, buf);
    }

    /**
     * Converts this String by replacing all occurences of oldChar with newChar.
     * @param oldChar    the old character
     * @param newChar    the new character
     */
    public String replace(char oldChar, char newChar) {
    if (oldChar != newChar) {
        int len = count;
        int i = -1;
        while (++i < len) {
        if (value[offset + i] == oldChar) {
            break;
        }
        }
        if (i < len) {
        char buf[] = new char[len];
        for (int j = 0 ; j < i ; j++) {
            buf[j] = value[offset+j];
        }
        while (i < len) {
            char c = value[offset + i];
            buf[i] = (c == oldChar) ? newChar : c;
            i++;
        }
        return new String(0, len, buf);
        }
    }
    return this;
    }

    /**
     * Converts all of the characters in this String to lower case.
     * @return the String, converted to lowercase.
     * @see Character#toLowerCase
     * @see String#toUpperCase
     */
    public String toLowerCase() {
    int len = count;
    int i, j;
    char z;
    scan: {
        for (i = 0 ; i < len ; i++) {
        char c = value[offset+i];
        z = Character.toLowerCase(c);
        if (c != z) break scan;
        }
        return this;
    }
    char buf[] = new char[len];
    for (j = 0; j < i; ++j) {
        buf[j] = value[offset+j];
    }
    buf[j++] = z;
    for (; j < len ; ++j) {
        buf[j] = Character.toLowerCase(value[offset+j]);
    }
    return new String(0, len, buf);
    }

    /**
     * Converts all of the characters in this String to upper case.
     * @return the String, converted to uppercase.
     * @see Character#toUpperCase
     * @see String#toLowerCase
     */
    public String toUpperCase() {
    int len = count;
    int i, j;
    char z;
    scan: {
        for (i = 0 ; i < len ; i++) {
        char c = value[offset+i];
        z = Character.toUpperCase(c);
        if (c != z) break scan;
        }
        return this;
    }
    char buf[] = new char[len];
    for (j = 0; j < i; ++j) {
        buf[j] = value[offset+j];
    }
    buf[j++] = z;
    for (; j < len ; ++j) {
        buf[j] = Character.toUpperCase(value[offset+j]);
    }
    return new String(0, len, buf);
    }



    /**
     * Trims leading and trailing whitespace from this String.
     * @return the String, with whitespace removed.
     */
    public String trim() {
    int len = count;
    int st = 0;
    while ((st < len) && (value[offset + st] <= ' ')) {
        st++;
    }
    while ((st < len) && (value[offset + len - 1] <= ' ')) {
        len--;
    }
    return ((st > 0) || (len < count)) ? substring(st, len) : this;
    }

    /**
     * Converts the object (in this case already a String) to a
     * String. Otherwise this class would inherit class Object's
     * version of tostring().
     * @return the String itself.
     */
    public String toString() {
    return this;
    }

    /**
     * Converts this String to a character array. This creates a new array.
     * @return     an array of characters.
     */
    public char[] toCharArray() {
    int i, max = length();
    char result[] = new char[max];
    getChars(0, max, result, 0);
    return result;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a String that represents the String value of the object.
     * The object may choose how to represent itself by implementing
     * the toString() method.
     * @param obj    the object to be converted
     */
    public static String valueOf(Object obj) {
    return (obj == null) ? "null" : obj.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Returns a String that is equivalent to the specified character array.
     * Uses the original array as the body of the String (ie. it does not
     * copy it to a new array).
     * @param data    the character array
     */
    public static String valueOf(char data[]) {
    return new String(data);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a String that is equivalent to the specified character array.
     * @param data    the character array
     * @param offset    the offset into the value of the String
     * @param count     the length of the value of the String
     */
    public static String valueOf(char data[], int offset, int count) {
    return new String(data, offset, count);
    }


    /**
     * Returns a String that is equivalent to the specified character array.
     * It creates a new array and copies the characters into it.
     * @param data    the character array
     * @param offset    the offset into the value of the String
     * @param count     the length of the value of the String
     */
    public static String copyValueOf(char data[], int offset, int count) {
    // All public String constructors now copy the data.
    return new String(data, offset, count);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a String that is equivalent to the specified character array.
     * It creates a new array and copies the characters into it.
     * @param data    the character array
     */
    public static String copyValueOf(char data[]) {
    return copyValueOf(data, 0, data.length);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a String object that represents the state of the specified boolean.
     * @param b    the boolean
     */
    public static String valueOf(boolean b) {
    return b ? "true" : "false";
    }

    /**
     * Returns a String object that contains a single character
     * @param c the character
     * @return     the resulting String.
     */
    public static String valueOf(char c) {
    char data[] = {c};
    return new String(0, 1, data);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a String object that represents the value of the specified integer.
     * @param i    the integer
     */
    public static String valueOf(int i) {
        return Integer.toString(i, 10);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a String object that represents the value of the specified long.
     * @param l    the long
     */
    public static String valueOf(long l) {
        return Long.toString(l, 10);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a String object that represents the value of the specified float.
     * @param f    the float
     */
    public static String valueOf(float f) {
    return Float.toString(f);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a String object that represents the value of the specified double.
     * @param d    the double
     */
    public static String valueOf(double d) {
    return Double.toString(d);
    }


    /**
     * The set of internalized Strings.
     */
    private static Hashtable InternSet;

    /**
     * Returns a String that is equal to this String
     * but which is guaranteed to be from the unique String pool.  For example:
     * <pre>s1.intern() == s2.intern() <=> s1.equals(s2).</pre>
     */
    public String intern() {
    if (InternSet == null) {
        InternSet = new Hashtable();
    }
    String s = (String) InternSet.get(this);
    if (s != null) {
        return s;
    }
    InternSet.put(this, this);
    return this;
    }

    /**
     * Computes the length of this string's UTF encoded form.
     */
    int utfLength() {
    int limit = offset + count;
    int utflen = 0;
    for (int i = offset; i < limit; i++) {
        int c = value[i];
        if ((c >= 0x0001) && (c <= 0x007F)) {
        utflen++;
        } else if (c > 0x07FF) {
        utflen += 3;
        } else {
        utflen += 2;
        }
    }
    return utflen;
    }
}