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- Malcolm X was in
- many ways a far
- more forceful figure
- than Martin Luther
- King. He did not ask
- for tolerance from
- white society; he
- demanded respect
- for black people.
- His belligerent
- attitude scared
- liberals and it
- also fostered the
- militancy which
- created the Black
- Power movement
- #
- After a childhood
- marred by racism,
- and a brilliant
- school career,
- Malcolm Little
- (as he then was)
- turned to crime. He
- came to political
- awareness while
- serving in prison
- for burglary. In
- jail he converted
- to Islam. Elijah
- Muhammad, the
- leader of the Black
- Muslims, became
- his mentor
- #
- A tremendously
- effective orator
- and organizer,
- Malcolm X became
- spokesman for the
- Nation of Islam,
- Elijah Muhammad's
- group. But he was
- shocked to find out
- that Muhammad had
- fathered children
- in adulterous rela-
- tionships. He also
- began to question
- the movement's
- black racism
- #
- Ever more critical
- of the Nation of
- Islam's association
- with white racist
- groups (here Black
- Muslims are seen
- wearing Nazi arm-
- bands), Malcolm X
- left it to form his
- own Organization
- of Afro-American
- Unity in 1964.
- Tension increased
- between Malcolm X
- and his former
- friends in the
- Nation of Islam
- #
- A visit to Mecca
- confirmed the
- disaffection which
- Malcolm X felt for
- the idea of racial
- segregation. He
- found that Islam
- is "color-blind",
- and announced: "I
- no longer subscribe
- to racism." Now
- he encouraged
- Afro-Americans
- to take pride in
- their past and
- culture as part
- of a multi-racial
- American nation
- #
- In the year before
- he died Malcolm X
- traveled in Europe
- and Africa. In spite
- of his rejection of
- racism, he still
- displayed the
- intolerant and ill-
- informed cast
- of mind that were
- at the root of
- his former views
- @
- Malcolm X was
- assassinated
- by vengeful
- members of the
- Nation of Islam.
- His murder proved
- a strange truth:
- the deadliest of
- enemies are not
- those whose ideo-
- logy is opposite,
- but those who
- differ in degrees
- so small as to
- be invisible
- to outsiders
- #
- The period after
- Malcolm X's death
- saw the growth
- of "Afro-centrism".
- It influenced
- everything from
- fashion to history,
- and it informed
- the philosophy of
- militant groups
- such as the Black
- Panthers. They
- carried arms and
- had many confront-
- ations with the
- police, including
- this Detroit siege
- #
- The controversy
- of Malcolm X's
- death flared up
- again 30 years
- afterwards with
- the arrest of his
- daughter Qubilah
- Shabazz. She was
- accsed of hiring a
- hit-man to kill
- Louis Farrakhan,
- by now leader
- of the Nation of
- Islam, whom she
- suspected of being
- involved in her
- father's murder
- #
- Malcolm X is
- remembered as
- a martyr to the
- struggle against
- white oppression.
- But he was a more
- complex and more
- troubled personality
- than that. He was
- a man who sought a
- place in the world
- for himself and his
- people with a
- passion that was
- always genuine,
- and often violent
- @
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