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- After Oxford
- University, Rupert
- Murdoch followed
- his father, Sir Keith
- Murdoch, into the
- newspaper business.
- After a short spell
- at the Daily Express
- in London, he went
- back to Australia in
- 1953 to take over
- the family business,
- News Ltd. Its only
- asset was The
- Adelaide News
- #
- Murdoch expanded
- the business by
- buying newspapers
- and magazines, and
- by founding the
- country's first
- national daily,
- The Australian. He
- also broadened the
- scope of the firm
- through publishing
- acquisitions in
- Hong Kong, New
- Zealand and the US,
- and through the TV
- stations which he
- set up in Australia
- #
- In 1969 Murdoch
- acquired his first
- British titles, The
- News of the World
- and The Sun. At the
- time The Sun had a
- circulation of only
- 850,000, and he
- bought it for a mere
- £50,000 ($119,000).
- He turned it into an
- aggressive tabloid
- featuring bare-
- breasted pin-ups.
- Circulation soared
- above four million
- #
- The Times, the
- most distinguished
- paper in the world,
- became part of the
- Murdoch empire in
- 1981, along with
- The Sunday Times.
- After a long battle
- with the printing
- unions, Murdoch
- moved all his titles
- to a new plant in
- Wapping, London.
- The technology at
- the plant revolu-
- tionised newspaper
- production in the UK
- @
- Having expanded
- his TV interests
- in Australia,
- Murdoch turned
- his attention to
- the USA. In 1985
- he bought 50 per
- cent of Twentieth
- Century Fox (he
- subsequently took
- control of the
- rest of the film
- company); then,
- with its purchase
- of a chain of TV
- stations, he set
- about creating a
- new US network
- channel, Fox
- Broadcasting
- #
- Murdoch became a
- US citizen in 1985,
- because US laws
- barred foreigners
- from controlling TV
- stations. Although
- he saw the great
- potential in the US
- market, he still had
- ambitions to make
- an international TV
- empire. In 1989 he
- launched Britain's
- first satellite
- service, Sky TV
- #
- In 1993, Murdoch
- paid $525 million
- for a 63 per cent
- interest in Star
- Television, a Hong
- Kong-based TV
- satellite station.
- Star's immense
- "footprint" enabled
- its programs to
- reach 38 countries
- in Asia, from
- Turkey to Japan,
- with a potential
- audience of three
- billion people -
- 60 per cent of the
- world's population
- #
- Murdoch is a fierce
- opponent of govern-
- ment regulation in
- broadcasting, and
- he believes in the
- democratic nature
- of the new techno-
- logy. But he has
- attracted criticism
- in Britain, (where
- his satellite TV
- avoided controls
- on terrestrial
- channels) and was
- attacked over a
- decision to drop
- the BBC news from
- Star broadcasts to
- China, whose
- government did
- not approve of it
- #
- Sky attracted an
- audience in Britain
- by buying the TV
- rights to major
- sporting events:
- cricket, soccer and
- rugby. Picking the
- right 'software',
- (the entertainment,
- sport and news
- which the broad-
- casting 'hardware'
- delivered) was the
- key to the develop-
- ment of Murdoch's
- multimedia empire
- @
- In 1990, after
- years of expansion,
- News Corporation,
- almost foundered.
- Heavy borrowing
- had funded the
- growth; now the
- principal lenders
- (of whom there
- were 146) were
- reluctant to renew
- News Corporation's
- debt, which stood
- at $7.6bn. Murdoch
- managed to re-
- schedule his debts,
- and so avoided
- liquidation by the
- skin of his teeth
- #
- News Corporation's
- financial problems
- led to biting cuts
- in 1991, but one
- bright spot was
- the performance of
- the Fox film, Home
- Alone, said to have
- earned $285m by
- 1992. Another was
- the merger of Sky
- TV with its rival,
- British Sky Broad-
- casting, to form
- BSkyB, finally
- putting an end to
- Sky's huge losses
- #
- Murdoch aimed to
- take the fasttrack
- of the information
- super highway.
- He did a deal with
- British Telecom in
- 1993 in order to
- gain access to
- its telecommuni-
- cations cables, and
- did another with
- the American long
- distance telephone
- company MCI, who
- also invested $2bn
- in News Corp
- #
- News Corporation
- was operating on
- four continents by
- 1995. Murdoch has
- competitors, media
- conglomerates such
- as Time Warner, and
- the Bertelsmann
- group in Germany;
- but no other global
- company has News
- Corp's ability to
- go directly into
- billions of homes
- around the world
- @
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