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- In December 1955,
- Rosa Parks' refusal
- to give up her seat
- on a bus to a white
- man in Montgomery,
- Alabama, led to a
- boycott of buses.
- For over a year the
- city's 50,000 black
- people travelled by
- other means, mostly
- on foot. It was the
- spark that lit the
- flame of the civil
- rights movement
- #
- Rosa Parks
- was convicted of
- violating Montgo-
- mery's segregation
- laws; and those
- involved in the
- bus boycott were
- charged with con-
- spiring to prevent
- the bus company
- from carrying on
- its business. In
- February 1956,
- however, a suit
- was filed in the
- federal district
- court asking
- for Montgomery's
- segregation laws
- to be declared
- unconstitutional
- #
- Although in April
- 1956 Texas banned
- racial segregation
- on public transport
- within the state,
- officials in other
- southern states
- vowed to do every-
- thing legally
- possible to keep
- the segregation
- laws in place
- #
- The Montgomery
- bus boycott was
- successful, and
- began the move
- towards ensuring
- desegregation in
- other areas, among
- them education. In
- 1954 the Supreme
- Court ruled that
- segregated schools
- were unconstitu-
- tional, but the
- southern states
- had failed to
- comply with
- the judgement
- #
- In 1957, President
- Eisenhower sent
- paratroopers to
- Little Rock High
- School, Arkansas,
- to enforce deseg-
- regation. "Mob
- rule cannot be
- allowed to over-
- ride the decisions
- of our courts", he
- said. One soldier
- was assigned to
- each student to
- ensure their safety
- #
- Years after the
- event, Rosa Parks
- described her
- arrest. "The police-
- men approached me
- and said, 'Why don't
- you stand up?'
- I said 'I don't think
- I should have to
- stand up. Why do you
- push us around?' He
- said: 'I do not know,
- but the law is the
- law and you are
- under arrest'."
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