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- All economies
- in the western
- world depend on
- oil, and a large
- part of the avail-
- able reserves are
- in Arab hands.
- Yamani became a
- celebrity during
- the oil crisis of
- the Seventies, a
- constant presence
- in corridors of
- power through-
- out the West
- #
- Sheikh Yamani
- threatened to
- starve the West
- of oil if it did not
- stop supplying
- arms to Israel,
- with whom Arab
- states were at
- war. Some called
- it blackmail, but it
- worked: after
- Saudi Arabia cut
- production by ten
- percent Britain
- stopped arms
- shipments, and
- Japan reversed
- its pro-Israeli
- policies
- #
- Once the power of
- the oil weapon
- had been
- demonstrated,
- Saudi Arabia was
- not about to give
- it up. In October
- 1973, OPEC
- announced a 70
- per cent rise in
- oil prices, a cut in
- production of five
- per cent per
- month, and an
- embargo on oils
- sales to the USA
- #
- Other states such
- as Iran (which
- was not involved
- in the Arab-
- Israeli dispute)
- learned Yamani's
- lesson and
- doubled the price
- of their oil. The
- Shah wanted the
- money to buy
- arms from the
- United States
- #
- By the mid-
- Seventies, Yamani
- was arguing that
- rising oil prices
- could cause an
- economic crisis
- in the West.
- Yamani realised
- that if the Saudis
- were to sell their
- oil, the West had
- to be be able to
- pay for it
- #
- In the end the oil
- weapon proved
- difficult to
- deploy. Political
- differences
- within OPEC and
- increasing
- economic ties
- between it and
- the industrial
- world meant a
- return to stability
- in the oil market,
- and a return to the
- situation of the
- Seventies became
- unlikely
- #
- Yamani fell from
- power in 1986,
- having argued
- with the ruling
- Saudi royal
- family about the
- uses to which oil
- revenues should
- be put. It was a
- low-key exit for
- a man who had
- once been able to
- hold the world
- to ransom
- #
- Oil has allowed
- Saudi Arabia to
- develop from a
- desert kingdom
- to one of the
- world's richest
- countries within
- two generations.
- With it has come
- huge political
- influence. It
- was Yamani who
- showed how to
- wield that
- influence
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