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- Laszlo Biro was a
- painter, journalist,
- civil engineer and
- soldier, as well as
- the inventor of the
- modern ball-point
- pen. He was also a
- communist, and
- when Hungary's
- fascist government
- moved closer to
- Nazi Germany just
- before the second
- world war, Biro
- fled the country
- #
- In 1938 Biro
- patented the
- forerunner of the
- ubiquitous BiC
- ball-point. More
- than half a century
- earlier an
- American named
- John J. Loud, had
- produced a ball-
- point device for
- marking rough
- surfaces such as
- leather and canvas.
- But his patent was
- allowed to lapse
- #
- Biro was spotted
- using his new pen
- by the president of
- Argentina, who
- invited him to
- Buenos Aires to
- develop the idea
- into a commercial
- proposition. Biro
- took up the offer,
- took Argentine
- nationality too,
- and by 1945 the
- first Biro pen had
- gone on sale
- #
- In the Fifties, as
- his invention
- swept aside the
- fountain pen, Biro
- took little interest
- in it. In 1957 the
- French concern BiC
- took over the
- company which
- had made the first
- Biros, and began
- selling its ball-
- point pens all over
- the world
- #
- Inks for ball-
- points are
- formulated to suit
- their destination
- and checked. The
- formula and
- viscosity of the
- ink is adjusted for
- local temperature
- and humidity. It is
- then checked by
- computer. Thus a
- pen for sale in
- Sweden will not
- have the same ink
- as one for Nigeria
- #
- The modern ball-
- point works by
- transferring fast-
- drying solvent-
- based ink onto the
- ball via a capillary
- tube. The ink flows
- out along grooves
- in the brass tip
- that houses the
- ball. The ball itself
- is precision-
- engineered to less
- than a millimeter
- in diameter
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