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- Asked to design a
- set of chips for
- calculators, Hoff
- responded by
- turning the
- problem on its
- head. "Instead of
- making the device
- act like a
- calculator", he
- recalled, "I
- wanted to make
- it function as a
- general-purpose
- computer
- programmed to
- be a calculator."
- #
- The world's first electronic computer was built in Britain during the second
- world war. But official secrecy about it allowed Olsen's ENIAC (Electronic
- Numeral Integrator and Calculator), built in 1946, to steal the limelight. It
- gave the USA a lead in the electronics market
- #
- Until the advent of the microchip, the circuitry of computers filled entire
- rooms - entire buildings in the case of the supercomputers designed by
- Seymour Cray. His monster mainframes benefited enormously from the
- increases in speed and power which Hoff's microchip made possible
- #
- The invention of
- the microchip
- changed the
- world, a fact
- appreciated by
- governments. In
- 1978 the British
- government pro-
- mised millions
- of pounds to
- fuel the microchip
- revolution
- #
- Chips are getting
- ever smaller and
- ever more
- powerful. Each of
- these IBM "logic"
- chips, which
- belong to the
- central processing
- unit of a small
- IBM business
- computer system,
- is as powerful as
- the company's
- most powerful
- machine of the
- Sixties
- #
- Where Hoff led, others followed. Most of the great advances since the
- Seventies have been in software design and marketing. Gary Kildall was
- one of those who realized the potential of a universal operating system
- for the newest generation of microchip computers
- #
- Thousands of
- industrial and
- consumer appli-
- ances, from
- microwave ovens
- to the braking
- systems of cars,
- rely on tiny scraps
- of silicon barely
- bigger than a
- fingernail. The
- advertising claim
- for new cars that
- they have more
- computing power
- than a NASA
- space probe is
- now routine
- #
- The power of the microchip has grown as its size has shrunk
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