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- Ernest Rutherford
- is one of the few
- men who can claim
- to have founded a
- whole science.
- Atomic physics,
- the investigation
- of the baffling
- laws which govern
- processes inside
- the atom, has
- proved to be the
- major scientific
- concern of the
- twentieth century
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- Rutherford first
- made his name as a
- scientist when he
- helped show that
- radioactivity, the
- mysterious effect
- investigated by
- Marie Curie, is an
- effect produced
- by the slow degra-
- dation of atoms
- #
- Rutherford - at
- heart a Victorian
- gentleman - was
- an educator as
- well as a scientist.
- He had a Victorian
- self-assurance too:
- his statement that
- there are no ele-
- ments above the
- atomic number 92
- was only partly
- right: many higher
- elements have
- been manufactured
- in the laboratory
- #
- Rutherford used
- alpha particles to
- buffet nitrogen
- atoms with such
- force that they
- split like nuts. The
- traces of hydrogen
- he found were the
- broken shards of
- the nitrogen. This
- was the first step
- towards nuclear
- fission: the source
- of energy behind
- the atom bomb
- #
- There is a sense in
- which Rutherford
- was the last of the
- great British
- scientists. He was
- born in the last
- days of an Empire
- which was rich
- and generous
- enough with
- opportunity to
- allow a gifted
- young scientist
- from the colonies
- the chance to
- achieve greatness
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