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1995-02-11
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Filename....: FDTN-003; FrontDoor Technical Note #003
Rev.........: 002
Dated.......: 08-Jan-1995
Subject.....: Use of FrontDoor 2.12, FrontDoor 2.20c.mL and above
with USRobotics Courier and Sportster modems
Author......: Edward Hobson
2:443/59.24@fidonet
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preamble and History
====================
The guidelines contained in this technical note, cover a number of the
USRobotics modem range. As this range of modems has undergone
considerable change since its launch back in 1987, a number of different
revisions of this document are included. As changes are made to the
models in this range, subsequent additions will be made to the
respective notes.
The basics of USRobotics Courier and Sportster units are the same; they
all use the same style commands, and respond in similar ways. For a list
of supported settings, use the AT$, ATS$, AT&$, AT%$, ATD$ etc commands
whilst in terminal mode. This is a useful alternative to consulting the
manual or quick-reference, especially in the case of the new Flash-ROM
upgradable units the features of which increase with every update!
Until the USRobotics V.32terbo models were released in 1993, the only
factory default (AT&F) to which the modems could reset, configured the
modem to a profile which is inappropriate (in most cases) for use in a
BBS environment. For optimum throughput, the serial port (DTE) rate
should be locked at a high speed (19200, 38400, 57600 or 115200),
allowing speed buffering and hardware (CTS/RTS) flow control to limit
data transfer as necessary. In 1993, when the new range was released,
new factory default features were implemented, giving a selection of
AT&F settings, to easily configure the modem for use in a variety of
different environments. The new AT&F1 profile configures the modem
almost perfectly for BBS operation.
Note that few references are made to the NV-RAM method of configuration!
This is for a good reason; one of the most frequently reported problems
is that the modem AA light flashes (indicating an incoming RING) yet
FrontDoor is not able to 'see' the RING messages. The remedy for this
problem is simple, but it is useful to understand why it exists. When
you write a new profile to NV-RAM, USRobotics modems store the current
DTE speed along-side the setup. When you use subsequent ATZ commands to
recall the setup, the modem is reset to the stored speed. If you should
ever change your FOSSIL speed (for whatever reason) then, issuing an ATZ
command will reset the modem to your predefined setup, however any
subsequent messages reported by the modem will be issued at the stored
DTE rate which now differs from the FOSSIL rate. The result is that
FrontDoor sees garbage; nothing identifyable as a RING, so cannot answer
the line. If you choose to use ATZ to reinitialise your modem, ensure
that you re-write the NV-RAM profile if you ever choose to change the
FOSSIL lock speed. Another reason for avoiding the use of NV-RAM is that
it is not infallible. Static, or garbage data can corrupt the stored
profile in such a manner that recalling it makes the modem act very
strangely. It is suggested that, for reliability's sake, the use of
NV-RAM to recall configuration for BBS use is unwise.
Class 2.0 fax with Call Selection is another important feature which was
implemented with the Courier V.32terbo range. For the first time, this
allowed USRobotics modems to answer both as fax and data modems. Use of
FrontDoor in this manner is detailed in the part of this package
dedicated to use with fax.
USRobotics Courier and Sportster external modems feature a row of
dip-switches on the rear or underside (depending on the model). These
override a number of configuration features. You will not normally have
altered these from the supplied default settings. However, the following
is the usual configuration of the dip-switch settings. The position of
switches 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 (Courier), 8 and the Quad switch are important.
The other features are of less relevance to the FrontDoor setup.
Courier range:
1 Override normal DTR function Off
2 Use numeric response codes Off
3 Result code display On
4 Command mode local echo Off
5 Disable auto answer On
6 Override Carrier Detect Off
7 Auxiliary result codes Off
8 AT Command set recognition On
9 Enter command mode on Escape Code (+++) Off
10 Power on to factory defaults Off
QUAD Reverse pin 2/3 orientation Off
Sportster range:
1 Override normal DTR function Up (Off)
2 Use numeric response codes Up (Off)
3 Result code display Down (On)
4 Command mode local echo Up (Off)
5 Disable auto answer Down (On)
6 Override Carrier Detect Up (Off)
7 Power on to factory defaults Down (On)
8 AT Command set recognition Down (On)
FOSSIL drivers and serial ports
===============================
The FOSSIL driver is the interface which allows the communications
equipment to talk to FrontDoor. Why have a FOSSIL, why not allow
FrontDoor to access the serial ports just like other software? A simple
analogy is the use of printer drivers with word-processing software. So
that FrontDoor can interface with many different types of hardware, it
talks to a driver which in turn talks to the hardware. Communications
devices are not limited to serial ports, just as printers are not
limited to Epson compatibility - ISDN adapters can be used with
respective FOSSIL drivers, for example.
Common FOSSIL drivers for use with serial hardware are X00 and VX00 by
Ray Gwinn, BNU by David Nugent and VFD by Joakim Hernberg. VX00 and VFD
operate under IBM OS/2 to provide 'Virtual' FOSSIL support. This concept
is defined in their respective documentation. A separate technical note,
FDTN-002 covers use of FrontDoor under OS/2. If you have not yet
consulted the documentation for the FOSSIL driver which you have
selected, do so before continuing. An important aspect of serial
communications is the type of UART your hardware contains. The UART
handles the receiving and transmitting of data from the serial port.
Older computers, and cheap multi-I/O cards contain 8250 or 16450 type
UARTs. Whilst fine for use at low speeds (up to 19200 bps) under DOS, by a
mouse and a modem, new technology modems can easily exceed such rates.
Above 19200 bps, the serial port may begin to 'lose' data. Although this
is not fatal when using FrontDoor's protocols for transferring files and
messages, it causes the transmitting system to stop and re-send missing
data. This increases the on-line time, and reduces the transfer
throughput. New high-speed serial hardware contains 16550A (or
equivalent) UARTs. This contains buffering which can allow far higher
rates of transfer with less chance of data loss. A USRobotics PowerPort
card is an example of such a device.
You should lock your FOSSIL driver at as high a speed as your serial
port will allow without data loss. I would recommend locking at 57600 or
115200 BPS if you have a 16550A compatible serial card. If you are using
X00 the command-line parameters would be similar to:
X00 E B,0,57600 R=4096 T=512
Using BNU, the equivalent command-line parameters are:
BNU /L:0=57600 /R:4096 /T:512
This locks FOSSIL port 0 (COM1) at 57600 BPS, and configures 4096 bytes
of receive buffering and 512 bytes of transmit buffering. If your
computer or serial port has trouble receiving without errors, then
increasing the receive buffer size and lowering the locked speed may
well ease the situation. If (as discussed above) your serial hardware
has 16550A compatible UARTs, include the parameters on your FOSSIL
command-line to use the maximum FIFO buffering. These are FIFO=15 and
/Z0 for X00 and BNU respectively.
Generic FrontDoor configuration
===============================
Certain aspects of FrontDoor's configuration are identical for all
USRobotics modems. These are covered in the following passages. For the
unique setups for individual models, and information on use of FrontDoor
to receive faxes, consult the files listed at the end of this document.
FDSETUP, Modem menu:
+---------------------------- Hardware +
| |
| Serial port 1 | <--- Configure your particular
| Locked port Yes | serial device, accordingly
| Maximum baudrate Fixed |
| Reset modem to connect speed No |
| Lower DTR when busy Yes | <--- If you want your modem to
| Lower DTR to terminate call Yes | go off-hook when FD calls
| Toggle DTR before dialing No | the editor or nodelist manager
| Carrier detect mask (CDMASK) 128 | set this to 'No'.
| |
+--------------------------------------+
* In some countries/states it is illegal to take the line off-hook for
long periods of time. In others, you are billed from the second the
line goes off-hook. You must check with your telephone carrier before
setting this option to 'No'.
+----------- Connect messages +
| 300 CONNECT |
| 1200 CONNECT 1200 |
| 1275 CONNECT 1200/75 | <--- The first range of Courier modems
| 2400 CONNECT 2400 | did not feature V.23 compatibility,
| 4800 CONNECT 4800 | the next reported a V.23 connection
| 7200 CONNECT 7200 | as CONNECT 1200. Although in
| 9600 CONNECT 9600 | cosmetic terms, if you own a second
| 12000 CONNECT 12000 | generation Courier unit you will
| 14400 CONNECT 14400 | see 1200/75 calls logged as being
| 16800 CONNECT 16800 | at 1200, there is no effect on the
| 19200 CONNECT 19200 | operational functionality.
| 21600 CONNECT 21600 |
| 24000 CONNECT 24000 |
| 26400 CONNECT 26400 |
| 28800 CONNECT 28800 |
| 38400 CONNECT 38400 |
| 57600 CONNECT 57600 |
| 64000 CONNECT 64000 |
| 115200 CONNECT 115200 |
| Fax +FCO |
+-----------------------------+
+----------- Custom message +
| |
| Message +FHS:01 |
| Baud rate 0 |
| |
+---------------------------+
The above setting is only really important for use with Fax adaptive
answering. When the modem operates with Call Selection and fails to
connect as a modem or a fax, it does not respond with 'NO CARRIER' when
the answer sequence times out. Instead it reports '+FHS:01' which is a
Class 2.0 Fax response. If you omit this message, FrontDoor will not
know when the answer sequence has finished, so will not reset the modem
after a failed inbound connection.
+------------ Status messages +
| |
| Error ERROR |
| Busy BUSY |
| No Carrier NO CARRIER |
| Ok OK |
| Ring RING| |
| No Dialtone NO DIAL |
| No Answer NO ANSWER |
| Voice VOICE |
| |
+-----------------------------+
If you have a bulletin-board running as well as FrontDoor, remember to
configure the errorlevels for speeds 300-28800 BPS to define the
errorlevels with which FrontDoor exits when a human caller wants to use
the system. These errorlevels are configured under FDSETUP's MAILER
'Errorlevels' menu.
Subsequent model-specific information is contained in the separate
configuration documents, summarised as follows:
C-V34 - Covers configuration of Courier V.Everything
units, and Sportster 28800; those supporting
V.34 and/or V.FC. See also the fax configuration
document for information regarding setup for fax
operation.
C-V32T - Covers configuration of Courier V.32terbo units,
includes V.32terbo dual standard models. Also
covers configuration for Sportster 14400 with
Class 2.0 Fax. See also the fax configuration
document for information regarding setup for fax
operation.
C-ASL - Covers configuration of Courier HST 14400 with
ASL, Courier HST 16800 with ASL, Courier V.32bis
with ASL, Courier V.32 with ASL and Courier HST
Dual Standard with ASL. Also covers
configuration for Sportster 14400 with Class 1
Fax.
C-HSTDS - Covers configuration of Courier HST 14400,
Courier V.32 and Courier HST 14400 Dual Standard
with V.32. These were the first models to
support V.42.
C-HST96 - Covers configuration of Courier HST 9600 units.
FAX - Covers operation of Class 2.0 Fax compatible
units for use with Call Selection.
Software information
====================
FrontDoor and XRobot are Copyright (C) joaquim homrighausen, Absolute Solutions
BGFAX is Copyright (C) B.J. Guillot
ZyXEL and ZFAX are Copyright (C) ZyXEL Corporation
QuickLink II is Copyright (C) Smith Micro Software
SIO, VSIO, X00 and VX00 are Copyright (C) Ray Gwinn
IBM OS/2 is Copyright (C) International Business Machines
BNU is Copyright (C) David Nugent
VFD is Copyright (C) Joakim Hernberg
End of document
===============