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╥ ╥ ╥─╖ ╥─╖ ╓──╖
║ ║ ╟─╨╖ ╟─╨╖ ╙──╖
╙╜ ╨──╜ ╨──╜ ╙──╜
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
*** VBBS MODEM DOCUMENTATION ***
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Table of Contents
I. VCONFIG/Channel Configuration
A. COM Port
B. Base Address
C. IRQ
D. Baud Rate
E. Init String
F. Locked Baud Rate
G. Hardware (RTS/CTS) Handshake
H. Minimum Baud Allowed
II. UART Chips and Recommendations
A. Reliability
B. Multitasking
III. Modem Initialization Settings
A. Modem AT Command Settings
B. High Speed Modem Initialization Strings
IV. Discussion of Communications Standards
A. Description of Standards
B. Table of Modes
C. Error Correction Standards
D. Glossary of Terms
V. VBBS FOSSIL Documentation
A. Number of Simultaneous Open Ports
B. 2 Node System
C. 4 Node System
--------------------------------------------------------
VBBS Modem Documentation -- 1
╔════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ I. VCONFIG/Channel Configuration ║
╚════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
VBBS comes preconfigured to work correctly with most
2400 baud modems. If you are setting up a 2400 baud system,
your modem configuration should be as simple as choosing the
correct modem port in VCONFIG's channel.cfg. High speed
modems will probably require a more complex configuration.
Basic information is provided here for a sampler of those
modems. Due to the variety of systems in use throughout the
network, indepth setup assistance for your specific hardware
is best obtained from the Modem Mania message base,
VirtualNET Sub #209.
VBBS allows multiple phone lines to be configured,
depending on the registration level chosen. For each data
line in VBBS, a channel (phone line) configuration must be
set to define the Serial COM port that the individual line(s)
will be running from. An example follows:
1.) COM Port :
2.) Base Address (Hex):
3.) IRQ (Hex) :
4.) Baud Rate :
5.) Init String :
6.) Locked Baud Rate :
7.) Hardware (RTS/CTS) Handshake :
8.) Minimum Baud allowed :
A. COM Port
═══════════
Define a communications port for each channel in use. COM
ports can be used more than once, but the repeated port must
have a different base address to prevent an IRQ conflict.
B. Base Address
═══════════════
The base address that DOS understands as the port assignment
for the channel. (example: COM1 is 3F8, COM2 is 2F8).
C. IRQ
══════
Assign an IRQ (Interrupt ReQuest) for further definition of
the communications port.
D. Baud Rate
════════════
Define your modem's baud rate speed, from 300 to 57600.
VBBS Modem Documentation -- 2
E. Init String
══════════════
The modem initialization string used by a particular channel
to define reset and operation of the modem.
F. Locked Baud Rate
═══════════════════
Toggle YES/NO for locked baud rate at high speeds. This
should be set to NO for 2400-baud and slower modems.
Note: High-speed modems should use a locked baud rate to
indicate the maximum throughput achieved by the modem. For
instance, a 14400-baud modem could be defined as 14400, 19200,
38400, or 57600, as the modem allows.
G. Hardware (RTS/CTS) Handshake
═══════════════════════════════
Toggle "No, Yes(Normal), or Yes(Slow)". This setting is for
high speed modems. Yes(Normal) is the preferred choice.
H. Minimum Baud Allowed
═══════════════════════
Configure a minimum speed to tailor a high-speed line.
VBBS Modems Documentation -- 3
╔════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ II. UART Chips and Recommendations ║
╚════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
The NS16550AFN, or UART (Universal Asynchronous
Receiver/Transmitter) chip, is the heart of your asynchronous
communications board. The advantage of the 16550 over the
16450 and 8250 UARTs is that it has a 16 byte buffer.
A. Reliability
On the older chips, with their single-byte buffer,
you would lose data if a second byte came in from the modem
before the CPU had sufficient time to call the first byte.
The 16550, with its 16-byte buffer, gives the CPU up to 16
opportunities to access data before a character is lost.
B. Multitasking
When VBBS is transmitting data, it has to stop the
CPU and fill the UART's transmit buffer. That means that
the background caller will experience a system slowdown while
VBBS attempts to send data to another caller. In addition,
the older 8250 chips were much less reliable, and were never
designed for the high speeds of current modems. The
NS16550AFN, on the other hand, is designed with high bus
speeds and high modem speeds in mind. When multitasking,
even at slower baud rates, the 16550 can be very helpful in
providing smooth operation for the entire system.
VBBS Modems Documentation -- 4
╔════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ III. Modem Initialization Settings ║
╚════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
Since high speed modems can utilize so many settings,
it is almost impossible to include them all in one initiali-
zation string. Therefore, you may wish to use the NRAM fea-
ture to store the settings which are common to most applica-
tions and use the VBBS init string for VBBS-specific settings.
This collection of modem settings has been garnered
over time from VBBS sysops working with an unlimited variety
of hardware configurations. If the following recommendations
provide unsatisfactory results, please refer to the VirtualNET
support subs for further assistance.
A. Modem AT Command Settings
═════════════════════════════
Standard 2400 bps or 1200 bps Hayes Compatibles (NON-MNP):
Supports the extended "&" command set:
ATX4Q0E0V1&C1&D2S2=251S7=40
X4 Enables extended result codes
Q0 Modem returns result codes
E0 Modem does not echo commands back to the computer
V1 Modem returns verbal result codes
&C1 Modem asserts carrier detect based on connection
status
&D2 On DTR high-to-low transition, modem Hangs Up.
S2=251 Disable modem escape sequence
S7=40 Time modem waits for a carrier when initiating a new
connection
Does not support the extended "&" command set:
ATX4Q0E0V1S2=251S7=40
Modems which do not use the & command set usually have DIP
switches of some type to set their mode of operation. Verify
that your modem is set to assert CD (carrier detect) only
when connected to a remote modem and hang up on drop of DTR
(data terminal ready).
VBBS Modems Documentation -- 5
B. High Speed Modem Initialization Strings
═══════════════════════════════════════════
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Aceex 14.4
AT&F1S0=0M0E0V1X4&C1&D2&M5\N0S95=1S46=136S36=5
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Boca 14.4 V32bis:
AT&F E0 V1 Q0 W2 S95=3 S7=50 S0=0
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Compucom High Speed Modems:
AT&F2*H1%C0\N0S25=2M0QV1ES11=50&C1&D2H&W
Compucom STAR:
AT&F2*H2&D2S7=75&Y0&WX4M0L0S11=50
Recommendations:
Assign the above values to NRAM settings, and the
initialization string will actually read
ATZ0
To assign an NRAM setting, enter the above initialization
string, then type
AT&W0
To disable CCSP (Compucom proprietary protocol) type
AT*H0
Baud rate should be locked and set to 19200, or 38400 for
those with 16550 UARTs.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Cardinal 9600:
ATW2Q0V1E0&D2&C1S2=251M0&W2S95=1235
- or -
ATQ0V1E0&D2&C1S2=251S7=45M0
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VBBS Modems Documentation -- 6
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Digicomm 14.4
AT&F&C1*S1E0
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Lightning Communications:
AT&FE0&D2&C1&Q9S7=65W2M0
Locked Baud Rate: 38400
RTS/CTS : Slow
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Motorola UDS 14.4 V32bis:
AT&F E0 V1 Q0 S0=0 %R2 \Q3 \V1 \M0 &C1 &D2 \N7 S7=50
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
SupraFAXmodem 14.4 V32bis:
AT&F2 E0 V1 Q0 W2 S95=3 S7=50
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TwinCom V.32:
ATE0H0M0Q0V1X4S0=0S2=1W0S95=145
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
US Robotics Courier HST / Courier Dual Standard:
NRAM Settings Recommended:
X7 Return full result codes
&H1 Turns on hardware handshaking for output from DTE (CTS
line) *
&R2 Turns on hardware handshaking for input to DTE (RTS
line) *
&B1 Fixes the DTE to DCE rate **
&N0 Negotiates highest link rate with fallback/fallforward
enabled
&M4 Enables ARQ if remote modem has ARQ
&C1 Modem asserts carrier detect based on connection
status
&D2 On DTR high-to-low transition, modem hangs up
&A3 Give FULL EXTENDED Result Codes
(Choose one of the 3 &K commands below based on your preference)
VBBS Modems Documentation -- 7
&K1 Enables data compression if remote modem requests
compression
&K3 Enables V.42 bis data compression but not MNP5
&K0 Disables all compression
USRobotics Courier 14400 HST Dual Standard:
B0 C1 E1 F1 M1 Q0 V1 X7
BAUD=38400 PARITY=N WORDLEN=8
DIAL=HUNT ON HOOK TIMER
&A3 &B1 &C1 &D2 &G0 &H1 &I0 &K3 &L0
&M4 &N0 &P0 &R2 &S0 &T5 &X0 &Y1 %R0
S00=000 S01=000 S02=251 S03=013 S04=010
S05=008 S06=002 S07=045 S08=002 S09=006
S10=007 S11=050 S12=050 S13=000 S14=000
S15=008 S16=000 S17=000 S18=000 S19=000
S20=000 S21=010 S22=017 S23=019 S24=150
S25=000 S26=000 S27=000 S28=008 S29=020
S30=000 S31=000 S32=001 S33=000 S34=000
S35=000 S36=000 S37=000 S38=000
- or -
B0 C1 E1 F1 M1 Q0 V1 X7
BAUD=19200 PARITY=N WORDLEN=8
DIAL=HUNT ON HOOK TIMER
&A3 &B0 &C1 &D2 &G0 &H1 &I0 &K3 &L0
&M4 &N0 &P0 &R2 &S0 &T5 &X0 &Y1 %R0
S00=000 S01=000 S02=251 S03=013 S04=010
S05=008 S06=002 S07=045 S08=002 S09=006
S10=007 S11=070 S12=050 S13=000 S14=001
S15=008 S16=000 S17=000 S18=000 S19=000
S20=000 S21=010 S22=017 S23=019 S24=150
S25=000 S26=000 S27=000 S28=008 S29=020
S30=000 S31=000 S32=001 S33=000 S34=000
S35=000 S36=000 S37=000 S38=000
VBBS Initialization String:
ATX7Q0E0V1S2=251S7=25&H1&R2&B1&M4&N0&K1&A3
- or -
ATX7Q0E0V1S2=251S7=25&H1&R2&B1&A3
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VBBS Modems Documentation -- 8
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
USRobotics Courier 9600 HST Settings
C=1 E=1 F=1 M=3 Q=0 V=1 X=7 B=1
BAUD=19200 PARITY=N WORDLEN=8
DIAL=TONE ON HOOK TIMER
&A1 &B1 &G0 &H1 &I2 &K0
&M4 &N0 &P0 &R2 &S1 &Y1
S00=000 S01=000 S02=251 S03=013
S04=010 S05=008 S06=002 S07=025
S08=002 S09=006 S10=007 S11=040
S12=050 S13=000 S14=001 S15=000
S16=000 S17=000 S18=000 S19=005
S20=000 S21=010 S22=017 S23=019
DIAL=TONE M=3 X=7 F=1 B=1
BAUD=19200 PARITY=N WORDLEN=8
&A1 &B1 &G0 &H1 &I2 &K0
&M4 &N0 &P0 &R2 &S1 &Y1
S02=251 S03=013 S04=010 S05=008
S06=002 S07=025 S08=002 S09=006
S10=007 S11=040 S12=050 S13=000
S15=000 S19=005 S21=010 S22=017
S23=019
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Additional USR Intitialization Strings:
USRobotics Dual Standard 14.4
─────────────────────────────
(Square LEDs -- not the 16.8 model):
AT&B1 B0 E0 V1 Q0 &N0 &M4 S7=50 &H1 &R2 &A3
(might work with newer 16.8 model also)
US Robotics HST 14.4
────────────────────
(Round LEDs -- reports CONNECT 9600 even if 14400):
AT&B1 B1 E0 V1 Q0 &N0 &M4 S7=50 &H1 &R2 &A3
VBBS Modems Documentation -- 9
Older US Robotics HST 9600
──────────────────────────
AT&B1 B1 E0 V1 Q0 &N0 &M4 S7=50 &H1 &R2
Also, another note: USRobotics modem users (Dual Std and
HST) can specify that a smaller transmit buffer should be
used during non-ARQ connections, so that when 2400/non-error
correcting callers call the board, the space-bar abort is
more responsive. The modem will auto-adjust the size of the
transmit buffer for each connection:
non-ARQ: 128 bytes
ARQ: 4k
To enable this modem feature, set S15=8.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Zoom 14400 Fax/Modem:
Locked Baud Rate: 38400
RTS/CTS : Slow
AT&C1&D2E0H0Q0V1X4W0S95=3\T2
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Zoom 2400 V.42bis:
ATX4Q0V1E0&D2&C1S2=251S7=45
ACTIVE PROFILE:
B1 E1 L2 M1 N1 P Q0 V1 W1 X4 Y0 &C0 &D0 &G0 &J0 &K3 &Q5 &R0
&S0 &T4 &X0 &Y0
S00:000 S01:000 S02:043 S03:013 S04:010 S05:008 S06:002
S07:045 S08:002 S09:006
S10:014 S11:095 S12:050 S18:000 S25:005 S26:001 S36:005
S37:000 S38:020 S44:003
S46:138 S48:000 S49:008 S50:255
STORED PROFILE 0:
B1 E1 L2 M1 N1 P Q0 V1 W0 X4 Y0 &C0 &D0 &G0 &J0 &K3 &Q5 &R0
&S0 &T4 &X0
S00:000 S02:043 S06:002 S07:030 S08:002 S09:006 S10:014
S11:095 S12:050 S18:000
S25:005 S26:001 S36:005 S37:000 S38:020 S44:003 S46:138
S48:007 S49:008 S50:255
STORED PROFILE 1:
VBBS Modems Documentation -- 10
B1 E1 L2 M1 N1 P Q0 V1 W0 X4 Y0 &C0 &D0 &G0 &J0 &K3 &Q5 &R0
&S0 &T4 &X0
S00:000 S02:043 S06:002 S07:030 S08:002 S09:006 S10:014
S11:095 S12:050 S18:000
S25:005 S26:001 S36:005 S37:000 S38:020 S44:003 S46:138
S48:007 S49:008 S50:255
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
ZyXEL High Speed:
This is saved as Profile 0. Init string is just ATZ0.
Be aware that register S20 sets the DTE speed, set to 19200,
so you may want to change this to S20=2 or S20=1.
CURRENT SETTING:
B0 E0 L4 M0 N5 Q0 V1 X6
&B1 &C1 &D2 &G0 &H3 &J0 &K4 &L0 &M0 &N0 &P0 &R1
&S0 &X0 &Y0
*B0 *C0 *D0 *E0 *I0 *M0 *P9 *Q2 *S0
S00=000 S01=000 S02=251 S03=013 S04=010
S05=008 S06=003 S07=060 S08=002 S09=006
S10=007 S11=070 S12=000 S13=000 S14=002
S15=002 S16=000 S17=018 S18=000 S19=000
S20=003 S21=176 S22=000 S23=112 S24=133
S25=000 S26=000 S27=156 S28=064 S29=000
S30=000 S31=017 S32=019 S33=000 S34=030
S35=000 S36=000 S37=000 S38=016 S39=000
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
ZyXEL 14400 V.32 V.32bis V.42 V.42bis Send/Recieve Fax/Modem:
AT&FX6E0&C1&D2&G2H0M0|
Locked Baud: 19200
Hardware handshaking normal
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
VBBS Modems Documentation -- 11
╔════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ IV. Discussion of Communications Standards ║
╚════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
A. Description of Standards
════════════════════════════
CCITT v.21 300 bps. (FSK).
Bell 103J
Bell 202 1200 bps, half duplex.
Leased lines.
CCITT v.22 1200 bps. (DPSK).
Bell 212A
CCITT v.22bis 2400 bps. (DPSK).
CCITT v.26ter 2400 bps with echo cancellation
Bell 208 4800 bps. Used on leased lines.
CCITT v.27ter G3 FAX at 4800 bps with fall back to 2400
bps.
CCITT v.29 G3 FAX at 9600 bps with fall back to 7200
and 4800 bps. Also used by Compucom
modems.
CCITT v.32 9600 bps with echo cancellation. Fall back
to 4800 bps. Both directions simultaneously.
(QAM).
CCITT v.32bis 14400 bps with echo cancellation. Fall back
to 12000, 9600, and 7200 bps. (TCM) Both
directions simultaneously.
CCITT v.33 14400 with fall back to 12000 bps.
USR HST14400 US Robotics HST modulation. 14400 bps in
one direction and 450 bps in reverse
direction. Fall back to 12000, 9600, and
4800 bps.
Trailblazer Proprietary up to 18000 bps.
Hayes V-Series Proprietary full-duplex 9600 baud. Hayes'
CCITT LAP-B error correction and data
compression.
EIA Class2 FAX G2 Fax standard.
CCITT v.FAST 19200 bps or slightly higher. Uses echo
CCITT v.32bisbis.
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network on fiber
optic cable.
SMDS Switched Multi-Megabit Data Service on fiber
optics.
VBBS Modems Documentation -- 12
HDSL High-rate Digital Subscriber Link. In
development.
B. Table of Modes
══════════════════
MODE BPS BAUD MODULATION NOTES
-------------------------------------------------------------
v.33 14400 2400 128-TCM
v.33 12000 2400 64-TCM
v.32bisbis 19200 2400 512-TCM
v.32bis 14400 2400 128-TCM
v.32bis 12000 2400 64-TCM
v.32bis 9600 2400 32-TCM
v.32bis 7200 2400 16-TCM
v.32 9600 2400 32-TCM
v.32 9600 2400 16-QAM Uncoded
v.32 4800 2400 4-DPSK
v.29 9600 2400 16-QAM
v.29 7200 2400 8-QAM
v.29 4800 2400 4-DPSK
v.27ter 4800 1600 8-PSK
v.27ter 2400 1200 4-DPSK
G3 FAX v.29/.27ter
v.22bis 2400 600 16-QAM
v.22 1200 600 4-DPSK BELL 212A
ISDN 65536 65536 FiberOptic Digital
The baud rate over the phone line means that more than two
tones are used at the baud frequency to achieve the bps rate.
For instance, 4-DPSK means four tones.
C. Error Correction Standards
══════════════════════════════
NAME DESC OF ERROR CORRECTION AND DATA COMPRESSION
-------------------------------------------------------------
MNP1 Hardware error correction.
MNP2 Hardware error correction.
MNP3 Hardware error correction. Strips off start and
stop bits during transmission over phone line.
MNP4 Hardware error correction. Fastest way to send
compressed files. Strips off start and stop bits
during transmission. Also adapts to line
conditions.
MNP5 Hardware error correction and data compression (up
to 2 time compression on TEXT). Do NOT use on
compressed files!
MNP6 Additional Universal Link Negotiation and
Statistical Duplexing to MNP5 service
MNP7 Additional Enhanced Data Compression with MNP4.
MNP8 TBA
MNP9 Additional Enhanced Data Compression with v.32
modems. Also adds Enhanced Universal Link
Negotiation, which allows connection to both MNP
and non-MNP modems at the highest performance
level.
MNP10 Hardware error correction and data compression.
VBBS Modems Documentation -- 13
v.42 CCITT error correction. LAPM. Fastest way to send
compressed files. Strips off start and stop bits
during transmission.
v.42bis CCITT data compression (up to 4 time compression on
TEXT). Uses a version of the Lempel-Ziv data
compression algorithm.
D. Glossary of Terms
═════════════════════
baud Actual rate of symbols trasmitted per second.
bps Bits Per Second.
MNP Microcom Networking Protocol.
CCITT International Telephone and Telegraph
Consultative Committee.
FSK Frequency Shift Keying.
DPSK Phase Shift Keying.
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation. Combination of
PSK and AM.
TCM Trellis Coded Modulation.
LAPM Link Access Procedure for Modems.
VBBS Modems Documentation -- 14
╔════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ V. VBBS FOSSIL Documentation ║
╚════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
The "standard" serial driver which comes with VBBS is not
able to allow IRQ sharing between COM ports. This is not so
much a limitation in the driver, as a limitation of the
underlying operating environment. A FOSSIL driver, on the
other hand, can handle 2 or more serial ports using the same
IRQ line. In fact, a FOSSIL can be used to control up to 8
ports. It can be "programmed" to use almost any serial board
in existence.
VBBS has been extensively tested with both the BNU and X00
FOSSIL drivers. If you're new to FOSSIL drivers, they provide
a standard way for programs to communicate with serial ports.
The FOSSIL may load through either AUTOEXEC.BAT or CONFIG.SYS.
The advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed at length
within the individual FOSSIL documentation.
A. Number of Simultaneous Open Ports
═════════════════════════════════════
The basic CONFIG.SYS install for X00 is: DEVICE=X00.SYS
The basic AUTOEXEC.BAT install for BNU is: BNU
By default, a FOSSIL will assume you wish to have only one
communications port open at any given moment. The FOSSIL
doesn't specify which port (COM1, COM2, COM3, etc) but is
merely concerned with the maximum number of simultaneous open
ports. Each port you request is like a "data channel,"
corresponding to your VBBS data channels. For more detailed
information on a driver, consult the specific FOSSIL
documentation.
B. 2-Node System
═════════════════
Channel 1 to be on COM1
Channel 2 to be on COM2
───────────────────────
X00: DEVICE=X00.SYS 0=COM1 1=COM2
BNU: BNU /P=2
VCONFIG: Set Channel 1 to COM1
Set Channel 2 to COM2
VBBS Modems Documentation -- 15
Channel 1 to be on COM2
Channel 2 to be on COM3
───────────────────────
X00: DEVICE=X00.SYS 0=COM2 1=COM3
BNU: BNU /P=2
VCONFIG: Set Channel 1 to COM2
Set Channel 2 to COM3
C. 4-Node System
═════════════════
Channel 1 to be on COM1
Channel 2 to be on COM2
Channel 3 to be on COM3
Channel 4 to be on COM4
───────────────────────
X00: DEVICE=X00.SYS 0=COM1 1=COM2 2=COM3 3=COM4
BNU: BNU /P=4
VCONFIG: Set Channel 1 to COM1
Set Channel 2 to COM2
Set Channel 3 to COM3
Set Channel 4 to COM4