^B{^#!16!18 July^N! National Day of Spain. Feast day of St Bruno of Segni, St Pambo, St Arnoul or Arnulf of Metz, and St Frederick of Utrecht.
^B{64^B} The great fire began in Rome and lasted for nine days. ^B{1870^B} The Vatican Council proclaimed the Dogma of Papal Infallibility in matters of faith and morals. ^B{1923^B} Under the Matrimonial Causes Bill, British women were given equal divorce rights with men. ^B{1925^B} ^I{Mein Kampf^I}, Hitler's political testament, was published. ^B{1936^B} The Spanish Civil War began with an army revolt led by Francisco Franco against the Republican government. ^B{1955^B} Disneyland, the 160-acre amusement park, opened near Anaheim, California. ^B{1959^B} Fidel Castro ousted President Urrutia and assumed the presidency of Cuba. ^B{1984^B} In San Ysidro, California, a security guard walked into a McDonalds and began shooting randomly, killing 20 people and wounding 16.
^B{^I{^#!14!Born ^N}Gilbert White, English naturalist, ^B{1720^B}; W M Thackeray, English novelist and poet, ^B{1811^B}; Nelson Mandela, South African politician, ^B{1918^B}; John Glenn, US astronaut and politician, ^B{1921^B}; Richard Branson, British entrepreneur, ^B{1950^B}; Nick Faldo, English golfer, ^B{1957^B}.
^B{^I{^#!14!Died ^N}Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, Italian painter, ^B{1610^B}; Antoine Watteau, French painter, ^B{1721^B}; Peter III, Tsar of Russia, murdered, ^B{1762^B}; Jane Austen, English novelist, ^B{1817^B}; Thomas Cook, British pioneer travel agent, ^B{1892^B}; Jack Hawkins, British film actor, ^B{1973^B}; Jean Negulesco, Romanian-born US film director, ^B{1993^B}.
