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2022-08-26
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u<t0>
On a more mundane note, Apple
Computer also introduced the Apple
IIe, featuring 64 KB RAM, Applesoft
BASIC, upper/lower case keyboard,
seven expansion slots, 40x24 and 80x24
text, 1 MHz 6502 processor, up to
560x192 graphics, 140 KB 5.25-inch
floppy drive, Apple DOS 3.3, for
$1395. (Hmm -- except for the 560x192
graphics, it sounds suspiciously like
a C-64 at twice the price!)
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IBM announced the IBM Personal
Computer XT, featuring a 10 MB hard
drive, eight expansion slots, serial
port, 128 KB RAM, 40 KB ROM, keyboard,
one 360 KB floppy drive, and powered
by Intel's 8088 microprocessor. The
cost was $4995.
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In April, Microsoft gave a "smoke-
and-mirrors" demonstration of their
Interface Manager (later called
Windows), which consists entirely of
overlapping windows, appearing to be
running programs simultaneously. And
in May. Microsoft introduced its first
mouse, "The Microsoft Mouse",
including card and software, for $200.
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<t0>
Late-comers to the microcomputer
game included Coleco Industries, with
its Adam computer; Convergent
Technologies, with the Convergent
Workslate portable computer; and
Mattel Electronics' Aquarius computer.
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Once again Texas Instruments
decided to take over a market, cutting
prices on its TI-99/4A, which had been
introduced in 1981. But this time
Tramiel decided to fight rather than
switch, and cut the price of the C64
dramatically. TI responded.
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Soon there was an all-out price
war involving Commodore, TI, Atari and
practically everyone other than Apple
Computer and IBM. By the end of
production in 1993, Commodore had
shipped somewhere around 27 million
C64's -- making the C64 the best
selling computer of all time -- and in
the process killed the TI-99,
destroyed Atari, bankrupted most
smaller companies, and wiped out their
own savings. Tramiel's motto --
"Business is war" -- showed, and took
its toll.
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Philips and Sony develop the
CD-ROM, as an extension of audio CD
technology, while Osborne Computer
files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy
protection.
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In November, IBM announced the IBM
PCjr, featuring an Intel 8088 CPU, 64
KB RAM, detached keyboard, two
cartridge slots, joystick, light pen,
serial port, for $669. Price with 5.25
inch floppy drive and 128 KB RAM was
$1269. Code name during development
was "Peanut".
Quote from Spinnaker Software
chairman William Bowman: "We're just
sitting here trying to put our PCjrs
in a pile and burn them. And the damn
things won't burn. That's the only
thing IBM did right with it - they
made it flameproof."
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