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1992-07-30
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------------------------------------
USERS MANUAL FOR THE KGRAPH SOFTWARE
------------------------------------
Version 1.01 - Copyright 1992
Solar Terrestrial Dispatch
CONTENTS
--------
INTRODUCTION
SELECTING DATES OF DATA TO GRAPH
THREE-DIMENSIONAL GRAPHICS FUNCTIONS OF KGRAPH
PRODUCING HIGH-DENSITY K-INDEX DATA PLOTS USING KGRAPH
USING THE HIGH-DENSITY DATA PLOTS TO DETERMINE RECURRENCE AND OTHER PHENOMENA
* New Sections Inserted Here - See Below *
EXITING KGRAPH AND RETURNING TO DOS
New Sections to this Manual for Version 1.01
--------------------------------------------
SWITCHING KGRAPH TO USE 27 OR 28 DAY SOLAR ROTATIONAL CYCLES
SAVING SCREEN IMAGES TO GIF-IMAGE OR POSTSCRIPT FORMATTED FILES
VIEWING A-INDICES AND K-INDICES TOGETHER
SETTING DEFAULTS USING THE BCAST.INI ACRONYMS
INTRODUCTION
The daily Solar Geophysical Data Broadcast (SGDB) reports released by
the Solar Terrestrial Dispatch contain a large amount of information
regarding the state of solar and geophysical activity. In the past, the only
software which permitted manipulation of this data was the BCAST software
program. However, this software lacks the ability to chart and track the
geomagnetic K-index information.
The geomagnetic K-index rates geomagnetic activity on a scale between 0
(very quiet) and 9 (very disturbed). The index is based on an open-ended
quasi-logarithmic algorithm and is measured once every three hours by
magnetic observatories around the world. Generally, K-indices greater than 5
indicate major to severe geomagnetic storm conditions. K-indices of 4 or
less indicate active to quiet conditions.
The geomagnetic K-index is very important to persons such as radio
communicators who rely on the geomagnetically-sensitive ionosphere to
transmit and receive radio signals. Quiet levels of geomagnetic activity
usually produce very good and stable radio communications. Active levels
of geomagnetic activity can begin to introduce minor instabilities in radio
communications such as rapid fading or flutter and increased directionality.
Minor geomagnetic storming (K-indices of 5) and particularly major
geomagnetic storming (K-indices of 6) can significantly impair the
propagation of radio signals through the ionosphere. Severe geomagnetic
storming (K-indices of 7 or more) can produce radio blackout conditions for
many middle, high, and polar latitude regions. The level of geomagnetic
activity is therefore a very important parameter which must be considered
when used in conjunction with radio communications.
K-indices are also very important to persons watching for auroral
activity. Major to severe storm level excursions of the geomagnetic K-index
is often associated with visible levels of auroral activity over the lower
latitude regions.
People who are interested in attempting to forecast the level of
geomagnetic activity into the future will find detailed records of K-indices
extremely valuable. Solar phenomena which can influence geomagnetic activity
for several solar rotations (ex. such as stable coronal holes) can be
identified through records of K-index geomagnetic activity. Knowing when
enhanced geomagnetic activity has occurred in the past enables one to
determine when it might occur in the future, since the Sun rotates
approximately once every 27 days.
KGRAPH is a powerful program designed to exploit the detailed K-index
information which is stored in your BCAST database file ("datasets.dat"). It
will examine and display K-index information in useful graphical detail using
the power of your computers VGA graphics system.
KGRAPH will produce three-dimensional graphs of geomagnetic activity in
a variety of formats. It will graph either the geomagnetic Boulder K-Index
(from Boulder, Colorado) or the estimated Planetary K-Index information which
is stored in your database file. The three-dimensional graphs are very
useful for analyzing episodes of activity relative to neighboring periods of
activity. It is also visually impressive and easy to interpret.
KGRAPH will produce detailed high-density VGA-quality graphical plots of
Boulder or Planetary K-Index data. These graphical plots of activity let you
easily determine the cyclical behavior of geomagnetic activity. As much as
eight solar rotations worth of K-index data can be viewed on-screen at one
time. This is equivalent to 216 days worth of data, or 1,728 three-hour
interval periods. The plots also indicate days in which major flare activity
occurred, or days where interplanetary disturbances arrived and produced
sudden magnetic impulses. These features can be used to help you determine
which episodes of activity may have been flare-induced. In addition, the
plotting method employed by KGRAPH lets you visually determine, quickly and
easily, periods of activity which were associated with major or severe
storming.
Overall, KGRAPH is a powerful visual aid package intended to exploit
the large amount of geomagnetic information contained in the BCAST-maintained
database file. It requires the BCAST-maintained database file "datasets.dat"
to operate. Registration of the BCAST software program is therefore
manditory for anyone who wants to use KGRAPH (see the file "REGISTER.DOC" for
more information). For those who have already registered the BCAST software,
KGRAPH can immediately be used to examine the large base of K-index
information archived in your database file.
SELECTING DATES OF DATA TO GRAPH
Each of the graphical functions supported by KGRAPH first ask you to
type in the date of the last dataset to display on-screen. By default, when
you first start up KGRAPH, the date of the last dataset in your database file
will be displayed. If this is the date you wish to use, simply press ENTER.
If the default date is not what you want to use, type in the appropriate date
(using the given format) and press ENTER. Thereafter, the default date
becomes the last valid date you typed in.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL GRAPHICS FUNCTIONS OF KGRAPH
KGRAPH provides eight three-dimensional graphics functions to display
K-index data in a variety of ways. These eight functions are described
below:
1. KGRAPH can produce a three-dimensional graph of Boulder K-Indices
U with dates descending from the bottom of the screen to the top
B N of the screen. That is, the date of the data at the "front" of
O S the three-dimensional graph would be the most recent date
U O graphed.
L R
D T 2. KGRAPH will generate a three-dimensional graph of Boulder
E E K-Indices with dates ascending from the bottom of the screen to
R D the top of the screen. In this case, the date of the data at the
front of the graph would be the oldest date on-screen. The most
K recent date would be at the "back" of the graph, behind the rest.
I
N 3. KGRAPH will sort the Boulder K-Index data and graph the data in
D three-dimensional format in ascending order. Sorting is done by
E simply summing the eight three-hour K-index values for each day
X S and sorting the summed values. The resulting graph displays the
O quietest days at the front of the graph and the most disturbed
D R days at the end of the graph.
A T
T E 4. KGRAPH will sort the Boulder K-indices and graph the data in
A D descending order. In this case, the graph shows the quietest
days at the end of the graph and the most disturbed days at the
front of the graph.
U 5. KGRAPH will generate three