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fm800k.doc
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1989-01-20
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Copyright 1988 by New-Ware
FORMATTING 360K DISKS TO 800K
FormatMaster includes the unique capability to format 360K low
low capacity diskettes to 800K in a 1.2M high capacity 5 1/4" drive.
This is achieved by using the dual head stepping capability built into
the 1.2M drive to format the 360K disk with 80 vice 40 tracks and by
adding a 10th sector to each track.
When formatting a 1.2M disk in a high capacity 1.2M drive, the
BIOS sets the head stepping to the single-step mode, sets the data
transfer rate to 500Kb/sec, and formats at 15 sectors per track. High
capacity disks have a special media surface capable of handling the
higher data rate. When formatting a normal 360K disk in a 1.2 drive,
the BIOS sets the head stepping rate to the double-step mode, sets the
data transfer rate to 300Kb/sec (or, in some cases to 250Kb/sec, and
formats at 9 sectors per track.
To format a low capacity 360K disk to 800K, FormatMaster forces
BIOS to set the stepping rate to the single-step mode, the data
transfer rate to 300Kb/sec, and formats at 10 sectors per track. Most
modern AT/PS2 compatible BIOS' have no problem adjusting to the
non-standard format of the 800K disk but there are some BIOS variants
that insist upon resetting the stepping rate to the double-step mode
when accessing any but a 1.2M disk and there are variants of both DOS
and the BIOS that refuse to recognize the 10th sector on a low
capacity disk.
New-Ware now provides a work-around solution to BIOS/DOS variants
that have trouble recognizing and adjusting to the 800K formatted
diskette. The best test to make in order to determine if your system
needs the extra help provided is to take a normal, low capacity 360K
floppy, place it in a 1.2M drive, and format it to 800K with
FormatMaster. After formatting the disk, terminate FormatMaster and
use DOS to copy several files to the disk. If the files appeared to
copy normally, use the DOS COMP utility to compare the files on the
target 800K disk and the source files. If the file compare succeeds,
you do not need the extra help.
If you encounter problems during the test above, the next step is
to use the FormatMaster DOS shell feature. Go to the Main Menu after
formatting a disk to 800K and select "Enter DOS". A special Interrupt
Service Routine (ISR) is installed that is designed to force DOS
and/or the BIOS to properly access the 800K disk. Copy some files to
the disk and do a file-by-file compare. If you still have problems,
then the extra help feature has failed.
Included in the FormatMaster 2.17 package is a file named
FM80.COM. This is a small (700 byte) Terminate and Stay Resident
(TSR) utility that does essentially the same thing as the FormatMaster
ISR that is active while shelled out from FormatMaster to DOS. FM80
is installed by simply typing the program name and pressing <RETURN>.
Once this TSR is installed, you should be able to read/write normally
to FormatMaster 800K disks. In fact, you will be able to access 800K
and 1.2M disks, but NOT normal 9 sector 360K disks with the TSR
installed. FM80 can be removed from RAM by typing the program name
followed by a space and then an upper or lower case "R", i.e.,
entering the command FM80 r from the DOS level or a batch file will
remove the utility from memory. Do not attempt to remove FM80 if it
is not the LAST TSR loaded in RAM.
There is one other method available to read/write to 800K disks in
balky systems. The New-Ware file/disk copy utility CopyMaster has a
selectable option that will accomplish the same task as FM80 or the
FormatMaster DOS shell. When toggled on, this feature will permit
copying files to/from an 800K disk.
As a last resort, FormatMaster and FM80 offer a special 720K format
mode wherein a 360K disk is formatted at 80 tracks and 9 sectors per
track. To utilize this mode, enter the string FMSEC=9 into your DOS
environment with the DOS SET command by either entering the command
set FMSEC=9 from the DOS level or by placing the same command in your
AUTOEXE.BAT file and rebooting. The FormatMaster Main Menu will now
show a 720K format option instead of an 800K option. If the
FormatMaster shell ISR then works okay, you can employ FM80 by adding
the digit "9" to the command line when loading it, as in FM80 9.
CopyMaster is also configured to search the DOS environment for the
string FMSEC=9 for adjustment to a 9 sector, 80 track 720K disk. One
other problem may crop up on older machines. Some machines still use
a data transfer rate of 250 kilobits (Kb) per second instead of the
more modern rate of 300Kb when formatting 360K floppy disks. FM80 will
force a rate of 300Kb as default. This can be changed by placing an
upper or lower case "L" on the command line as the SECOND parameter.
If you want to use 800K (10 sector) formatted disks load FM80 as
follows:
FM80 x L
where the "x" can be any character except a "9". If you are using
720K formatted disks, use a "9" as the first parameter and an "l" as
the second command line parameter. This will cause FM80 to force the
machine to use the lower 250Kb rate.
A SPECIAL NOTE FOR USERS WHO ENCOUNTER PROBLEMS DURING 800K FORMATTING.
Some older AT type BIOS variants and XT type machines with add-in
1.2M drives have experienced problems with the 800K format that are
unrelated to the single-step problem addressed above. The problem is
that some older BIOS/Controller variants use a 250Kb/sec data transfer
rate for formatting a 360K disk. Newer machines/controllers use a
300Kb/sec rate. When formatting a 360K disk to 800K, FormatMaster (by
default) forces the data rate to a value of 300Kb/sec. Using this
rate on a machine that was designed to format at 250Kb/sec causes the
format to fail. The symptoms are usually manifested in a very slow
format and verification followed by a failure to read/write to the
disk. In an effort to get the 800K format option working on as many
systems as possible, New-Ware has provided a means to set the data
transfer rate. Pressing the Alt-R key combination from the Main Menu
will bring up a window that shows the current data transfer rate and
offers the option to change it. If you have a problem formatting a
360K disk to 800K in your 1.2M drive and the solution described above
fails to solve the problem, try setting the data transfer rate to
250Kb/sec. Whatever value is selected at the time will be saved to
disk along with other FormatMaster default values. CopyMaster now
includes the same facility to set the data transfer rate.
If you experience any problems with FormatMaster, please don't
hesitate to contact me. The information that I'll need is the kind of
machine (AT clone, etc.), the type of drive (5 1/4" 1.2M, etc.), and
the BIOS compatibility message that is displayed during the
formatting. I'll make every effort to find a solution, but please
understand that there are probably some BIOS/Controller/Drive variants
in existance that are just not going to support some of the things
that FormatMaster attempts to do, especially 800K formatting.
John Newlin
New-Ware
01/19/89